批评

It has been the case that, when other countries pressure China over trade, it invariably reacts by offering nothing but stern criticisms. The Western media often say China is infuriated, China issues warnings and China threatens retaliation. They are prone to demonise China's counterattacks.

过去，中国就其他国家在贸易上施压，一贯一贯以制式反应，严词批评严词批评以外还是严词一贯严词批评批评，因此，西方传媒对於中国的反应，一般指为「激怒中国」「中国警告」，，「中国威吓报复」等，将中国的反击妖魔化。

It is made up of six chapters. Introductory: Questions about the standard of calligraphical critic including its definition, its twofold function of practical and aesthetic and several factors making influence upon it.

全文十五万字，主要包括以下几个部分：绪论：论述与书法批评标准相关的问题，包括书法批评标准的界定、书法批评标准实用与审美的两重性、影响书法批评标准的几个因素；本课题研究的意义。

Media criticism is a new subject, fremdness have although engaged the study early, they fastened mostly on the operation of medium criticism , for medium criticism theory, the consist mostly in the Mrxist criticism theory or the treatise of Frankfurt 、Birmingham etc.

媒介批评是一门新兴学科，国外虽早有涉猎，但多集中于媒介批评实务研究，至于媒介批评理论，也多以闪光思想见于马克思主义批判理论或法兰克福、伯明翰等学派的论述中，且主要作为文化批评的一部分。

In chapter one,I willanalyse three methodological principles in Jameson's dialecticalcriticism,that is,totalization,mediation and historicization;in chaptertwo,I will discuss Jamesonian theory aboutf the political unconsciousand his Marxism hermeneutic system;and in the final chapter,I willexplain the various ways of Jamesonian narrarive analysis,and attemptto explore his unconscious of the cultural-political poetics by which anycultural text is read as both ideolegy and utopia.

在第一章，我们分析了詹姆逊的辩证批评的三大方法论原则：总体化、中介化和历史化，并依据他的元批评观点考察了他与当代西方的各种理论话语的关系。在第二章，我们主要介绍了他的政治无意识理论以及他的马克思主义阐释学体系，揭示了他的文学和文化批评的主要特征。在第三章，我们以詹姆逊本人的批评实践为例说明了他的叙事分析的基本理路，并对他的文化政治诗学——即把文化文本既看作是意识形态的，又看作是乌托邦的——本身的无意识进行了历史的分析。

Besides,criticals from net-literature are also different from traditional ones and bring along with some unavoided problems and misunderstandings because of lack of subject and special openess,interaction and freedom,affecting its well-development.

此外，网络文学批评也有别于传统文学的批评，由于批评主体的缺位，网络的开放、交互和自由性，使得网络文学批评在态度和方法上难免出现一些问题和误区，从而影响到网络文学的健康发展。

In the course of controverting with persons who were criticized, Li Jianwu gradually improved his "criticism view". That not only showed the consciousness and dignity of criticism, but also set a classic sample of comment spirit for critic's posterity.

在与被批评者的交往辩驳中，李健吾逐步完善了其&批评观&，既显示了批评的&自觉&与&尊严&，同时又为后辈批评家树立了典范的批评精神。

The characteristic was obviously different from the precising characteristic of the realistic literary criticism discourse, the fringe criticism's location far from the political center and the fringe criticism's neglect of the conversation toward the realistic literary criticism made the essential conditions for the fringe criticism escaping from the realistic literary criticism.

这种艰难首先来源于李健吾们对于时代重音、对于现实主义批评所关注的话题的认同，这也同时导致了李健吾式的边缘批评家的批评指向并非传统印象主义批评式的单向度的艺术性追求，它具备了为文学发展而呼唤、为社会责任而呐喊的更深刻的批评指向。

Experience ; experiential criticism ; reconstituting criticism ; descriptive criticism ; internal critic

体验；体验批评；还原批评；描述批评；内在批评

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

Self-criticism is that people's literary works constitute a criticism of a random conversation further to say that those amateur, individual, self-admired, or criticism can be spread in the small group called the spontaneous criticism.

自发的批评是指人们对文学作品发表的随机言谈构成的批评，更进一步地说，那些业余的、个别的、自我欣赏或在小圈子流传的批评都可称之为自发的批评。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。