微粒

The objectives of this study were to observe the difference of particle components on the filter before and after ultrasonic extraction, as well as to compare the particle components collected by an impinger sampler.

而本研究之目的在於观察经过震荡步骤后，微粒元素成分的改变情况，并尝试以impinger采样方式直接将微粒采集在水中，探讨采集在滤纸上及直接以水捕集微粒之间的差异性。

The results show that the radiative properties of randomly distributed soot aggregates for a given fractal dimension are complex functions of the monomer diameters, the number of monomers in the aggregates,and the refractive index; For a small value of the monomer diameters, the absorption cross section of soot aggregates tends to be relatively constant when the fractal dimension is small but increases rapidly when the fractal dimension exceeds two. However, a monotonical reduction in light absorption with the increase of the fractal dimension is observed for soot aggregates with sufficiently large monomer diameters, number of monomers,and refractive index. The scattering cross section , extinction cross section and single-scattering albedo increase monotonically with the increase of the fractal dimension. Overall, the results for soot aggregates differ profoundly from those calculated for the equivalent spherical particles, and the discrepancies between them will change small with the increase of the fractal dimension.

研究表明，在给定分形维数的情况下，烟尘団簇粒子的辐射特性取决于原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率；原始微粒较小的団簇粒子，当分形维数较小时，吸收截面变化不明显，但当分形维数大于二时，吸收截面骤然增大，然而，对于具有比较大的原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率的烟尘団簇粒子，吸收截面随着分形维数的增大而单调递减；随着分形维数的增大，団簇粒子的散射截面、消光截面及单次散射反照率均单调递增；从整体上来讲，団簇粒子的辐射特性与等效球形粒子的辐射特性存在着比较大的差别，并且这种差别随着分形维数的增大而减小。

At the same time, the molecular n-n* absorption of nanoparticles were also blue-shifted, accompanied by a hardly changing n-π~* absorption as a result of the reduced overlap of the pyrazoline ringπorbital and a decrease of intermolecular interactions.

增大微粒的尺寸时从S_1态到CT念的荧光发射强度再分布表明，S_1念和CT态互相竞争并同时受纳米超微粒尺寸的影响。2、观察到了球形的1，3-二苯基-5-芘基-2-吡唑啉超微粒由于高度的单分散性而自组织排列成有序的二维阵列。

Then, nanoparticles were prepared with a reprecipitation method and tested. We found that the nanoparticles with small size and lower poly-dispersion index can be prepared though shortening deposited time, decreasing concentration, increasing deposited temperature and adding surfactant.

利用二次沉淀法制备出三种有机分子不同粒径的纳米微粒，通过改变时间、浓度、温度、表面活性剂等实验条件分析这些因素对纳米微粒粒度的影响，发现缩短放置时间、减少有机稀溶液的注入量、升高放置温度、加入表面活性剂可以得到小粒度，低分散度的纳米微粒。

Only average percentage of Al in episode days is high than that in nonepisode days.The A/C ratio of the cation or anion in PM10 is greater than 1 for every sampling situation. It was highly correlate between NH4+ and NO3-, NH4+ and SO4-2 of PM10 particle among four sites. The NR of each site was all 1. It means that the PM10 particle is acidulated during the sampling period and that phenomenon worth to be researched further in the future.

无论污染事件日、非污染事件日或日、夜间，各测站PM10上阴、阳离子当量比之比值均大於1；各测站PM10微粒中NH4+与NO3-间及NH4+与SO4-2间均呈高度之相关性，其PM10微粒之中和比值(neutralization ratio；简称NR)均小於1，表示各测站在本研究之采样期间，其PM10微粒均偏酸性，其原因未来值得深入加以探讨。

In the experiment, preparation conditions of particle MnO_2 by electrolyzing MnSO_4 acid solution with two kinds of electrode made of different materials were optimized and compared, effect mechanisms of different factors were discussed, and diameter, specific surface area and crystal phase of the particle MnO_2 was all determined by several means such as laser diameter analysis, IR and XRD.

实验中采用在线超声电氧化的方法，对两种不同材料的电极电解MnSO_4酸性溶液制备微粒MnO_2的条件进行了优化和对比分析，探讨了各种因素的影响机理，并通过激光粒度分析仪、红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对微粒MnO_2进行了表征，测定了微粒的粒径大小、比表面积和晶相构成等。

The proposed algorithm incorporates two methods for the niching techniques: first, different algorithms are used for the evolvement of main swarms and sub-swarms; different sub-swarm with a main swarm is distinguished using clustering method.

提出的算法组合了两种方法来实现小生境技术的思想：第一，采用多种群策略实现全局和各子微粒群按不同的PSO算法进化：第二，采用聚类算法区分微粒群中存在的不同子微粒群。

The time-activity of workers was recorded manually during sampling, and the average exposure levels of nanoparticle mass concentrations and nanoparticle number concentrations to workers were calculated from the time-activity pattern and the mapping data. In the iron foundry plant, the worker with the highest exposure level was the crane driver whose average exposure levels of nanoparticle number concentrations and nanoparticle mass concentrations were found to be 5.17x104 ?q/cm3 and 11.39 ?慊/m3, respectively.

为了解工作人员的质量暴露浓度，本研究在采样的过程中利用人工的方式将工作人员的时间-活动模式加以记录，结合此时间-活动模式以及奈米微粒质量浓度分布图，可以推估出工作人员的平均奈米微粒数目浓度与质量浓度暴露量，其中铸造厂暴露浓度最高的工作人员为天车吊桶作业人员，其奈米微粒平均暴露数目浓度与暴露质量浓度分别为5.17x104 #/cm3、11.39μg /m3。

And, by adding the self-adaptive temperature decay coefficient, made the SA algorithm could auto-tune the search criteria according the environment, avoid the deficiency of premature convergence.

针对微粒群优化算法在求解作业车间调度问题时存在的易早熟、搜索准确度差等缺点，在微粒群优化算法的基础上引入了模拟退火算法，从而使得算法同时具有全局搜索和跳出局部最优的能力，并且增加了对不可行解的优化，从而提高了算法的搜索效率；同时，在模拟退火算法中引入自适应温度衰变系数，使得SA算法能根据当前环境自动调整搜索条件，从而避免了微粒群优化算法易早熟的缺点。

The results indicate that with the increase of target current,the metal volume fraction and the radius of the metal particles of Cr-Cr2O3 cermet films increases,and the metal particles become oblate spheroids.

结果表明：随着靶电流的增加，膜层中金属微粒体积百分比增加，金属微粒的平均半径随之增加，且金属微粒逐渐趋于扁圆形，理论计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。

He knows that he's one of the mostdominant players in the NBA right now.

我知道他现在是联盟里最有统治力的球员之一了。

Using analysis method of BCG , the dissertation analyzed the management of voluntary service organizations .

利用BCG分析方法对我国的志愿服务组织管理进行了分析。