引起...

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; The popularity of Sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitration should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度：体育仲裁机构的民间性以及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁机构应具有民间性特征，体育仲裁员必须确保中立并具有体育知识素质；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程或规则中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、转会、流动以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系引起的纠纷等；体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁也应具有类似于国际商事仲裁的"一裁终局"的效力；由于自身的缺陷，法院可以对体育仲裁裁决予以适当的司法审查，给当事人一个程序化的救济权利的机制。

Therefore, the moist potential vorticity analysis associated with the mesoscale convective system was researched in the paper, so as to reveal the moist potential characteristics of mesoscale convective system in typhoon circulation. The results showed that, during the generation stage, convective instability characterized by MPV1 was a favorable condition for forming MCS, while the vorticity which was caused by the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind characterized by MPV2 was an inspiring mechanism. The specific process was that, the atmosphere exhibited the feature of strong convective instability at the low level of convection areas and the southeast areas, which included plenty of erratic energy. The slantwise ascended the stream transfer the erratic energy to northwest, where the stratification stability was small. As decreased, the cyclonic vorticity increased. On the other hand, the vorticity caused by the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind inspired the release of convective instability and as a result that the MCS formed. During the development stage, the cyclonic vorticity increased quickly with the persistent decreasing of . Meanwhile, the inclination of isentropic linewas bigger than the absolute momentum line at middle level, which exhibited the feature of conditional symmetric instability , then the conditional symmetric instability was forced to release by the vorticity resulted from the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of horizontal wind, and the MCS developed.

结果表明，在对流形成阶段，MPV1即对流不稳定为MCS的形成提供背景不稳定条件，由MPV2即湿等熵面的倾斜和水平风的垂直切变而引起的涡旋发展作为强迫机制：MCS形成的区域及东南区域中低层是强对流不稳定层，蕴含丰富的不稳定能量，倾斜上升运动把对流不稳定区具有强不稳定能量的暖湿空气向西北中层的中性层结区输送，由于的减小，气旋性涡度增强，有利于形成对流，另一方面，由于湿等熵面倾斜和低空急流加强而引起的涡旋发展作为一种强迫机制激发对流不稳定能量得到释放，从而形成对流；在对流系统地发展阶段，由于低层的对流不稳定性进一步减弱，进一步减小，气旋性涡度进一步增强，有利于MCS的增强，中层等θe 线的倾斜度比绝对动量M 等值线的倾斜度大，对应有条件对称不稳定区域，满足条件对称不稳定条件，在湿等熵面倾斜和台风低空急流作用下引起的涡旋发展强迫对称不稳定能量释放，从而使得对流得以维持和加强。

Wikipedia 是这么定义的: Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza , usually known as the common cold , is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system , primarily caused by picornaviruses or coronaviruses .

与方先生的《"感冒"并非"伤风"》一文的界定差不多，感冒是指病毒引起的急性上呼吸道感染，由流感病毒引起的为流行性感冒，由其他病毒（多达一百多种，以鼻病毒、冠状病毒最常见）引起的为普通感冒。

The simulated results show that when muzzle velocity is zero the cumulative error induced by acceleration of 0.6g can be up to 2.5 nm in 0.4 s, which is not negligible in nanometer measurement.

仿真结果表明，在0.4s时间内0.6g加速度所引起的累积误差可达2.5 nm左右，这对于纳米精度的测量是不应忽视的；初速度不为零时加速运动会引起更大的误差，而减速运动所引起的误差则相对小。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Surface tear of the endomembrane and atherosclerotic plaque induced by balloon dilatation, mechanical expansion and carotid sinus draw-off can adjust compliance of the carotid wall, change sensitiveness of carotid artery receptor, cause instability of hemadynamics and defluxion of plaque fragments, lead to hypotension, bradycardia, hypertension and vascular embolism. How to control and reduce occurrence of above-mentioned complications is a main problem in present studies.

但由于球囊扩张、支架置入机械扩张和牵拉，颈动脉窦引起内膜和动脉粥样硬化斑块的表面撕裂，调整了颈动脉壁顺应性，改变了颈动脉受体的敏感性，引起血液动力学不稳定和斑块碎片脱落，引起低血压、心动过缓、高血压及血管栓塞等并发症，如何控制和减少上述并发症的发生是目前研究的主要问题。

In the case of multiple activities, when it is certain that none of them has caused the entire damage or any determinable part thereof, those that are likely to have contributed to the damage are presumed to have caused equal shares thereof.

在有多个行为，能够确定其中没有一个行为引起全部损害或任何可确定部分的损害的情况下，则那些可能引起损害的行为应被推定为引起了相同比例的损害。

The first batch cracks of concrete bodies in South China had been caused by temperature stresses of cement hydration heat.While the double-action of (1) expansion stress of concrete and (2) temperature stress of day and night's difference of temeperature had been mainly the cause of cracks.

在南方地区，混凝土墙体拆模后的第一批裂缝是由于水泥水化热引起的温度应力造成的，而混凝土收缩引起的收缩应力与昼夜温差引起的温度应力的双重作用，则是导致后续裂缝的主要原因。

Its variation characteristics before earthquakes are found,meanwhile the factors which will affect the variation of earth tide are analyzed,which can be taken as references for removing interferes and improving accuracy of earthquake prediction.

月球和太阳对地球的引力不但可以引起地球表面流体的潮汐，还能引起地球固体部分的周期性形变。到目前为止，在引起固体地球形变的种种因素例如冰雪和海水的负荷、大陆漂移、岩石层的构造运动

The total effect of the load of the water mass on statical deformation consists of the statical elastic deformation in rock medium resulting from the water load, the deformation of the gravitational equipotential surface caused by the water mass, and that resulting from elastic deformation.

水体质量荷载的静力学形变总效应包括：荷载引起的地基岩石介质的静态弹性形变，质量引起的重力等位面形变以及静态弹性形变所引起的重力等位面形变。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。