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Moreover, it was successfully linked with lactobionic acid through amine groups on the surface of particles, and used to recognize living liver cells successfully.(3) In order to simplify the proceeding of preparation of silica-coated qdots, a novel one-pot method using 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane as a capping molecule was proposed for the first time. Furthermore, amine and phosphonate groups were also modified on the surface of silica-coated qdots simultaneously. This was the first time the synthesis and the surface modification of qdots were performed in the same system.

3在前一部分工作的基础上，进一步简化量子点的合成与包壳步骤，以MPS为稳定剂，制备了硅壳包被的CdTe量子点，并在硅壳外同步修饰氨基及磷酸基团，首次成功实现了量子点的合成与表面的功能化修饰在同一体系中进行，从而制得了水溶性的、表面带有氨基和磷酸基团的硅壳型CdTe量子点。

In addition,discussion is undertaken for the 60 metre width double-layer barrel vault about the structural steel weight and cot affected in different grid size、rise/width ratio and different loads.It also includes the effect of wind loads on those of 100 metre width structure.The application in the roof of coal storage of barrel va

以60m跨度的双层圆柱面网壳结构为对象，研究了不同网格尺寸、不同矢跨比、不同荷载对结构的用钢量、造价等结果的影响；以及不同风荷载对100m跨度网壳计算结果的影响；比较分析了三心圆柱面网壳与圆柱面网壳结构在电厂干煤棚中的应用。

Two kinds of water-soluble biomimetic chitosan derivatives with a phosphoramide linkage between glucosamine and choline were prepared through Atherton-Todd reaction under the mild conditions, including zwitterionic phosphorylcholine bound chitosan and acetyl-phosphorylcholine bound chitosan with positive charge. The interaction between chitosan derivatives and calf thymus DNA were inversigated by UV alsorption spectra and circular dichroism spectra.

采用Antherton-Todd反应制备了两种水溶性的磷酰化壳聚糖仿生衍生物：两性的N-磷酸胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖和带正电荷的N-乙基磷酸胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖，并用紫外吸收光谱和圆二色光谱研究了两种胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖衍生物与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用。

749Mg/ml and 0.778u/ml, respectively. 5. Study on the viscosity changes of reaction solution and analysis of enzymatic hydrolysis products by TLC, HPLC showed that ChiB was an endo-type cleavage enzyme. It decreased viscosity of reaction solution, hydrolyzed β-(1, 4) glucosidic bond of chitosan, acted on GlcN-GlcN, GlcN-GlcNAc and/or GlcNAc-GlcN glucosidic bond. It did not act on GlcNAc-GlcNAc glucosidic bond. Hydrolysis products of chitosan were composed of chitotriose, chitotetraose and chitopentose.

通过测定酶解液体系粘度和对酶解产物的TLC、HPLC分析，在国内首次深入地研究并报道了内切、外切壳聚糖酶的酶解作用模式，结果表明：酶ChiB是一种内切酶，以内切方式水解壳聚糖的β-（1，4）糖苷键，即作用于GlcN-GlcN、GlcN-GlcNAc和／或GlcNAc-GlcN糖苷键，不能作用于GlcNAc-GlcNAc糖苷键；酶解终产物以壳三糖、壳四糖、壳五糖为主。

Chitosan had been modified by polyacrylate sodium, glularaldehyde, and NaBH4, respectively, which afforded three kinds modified chitosan: polyacrylate sodium modified chitosan (CIS- PA4) chitosan bead and pentamethylene diamido crosslinked chitosan bead (CTSB- G- Hy). The adsorption properties of CTS-CTSB and CTSB-G-Hy were studied by L25(56) orthogonal experimental design. They show high adsorption activities for Pb2+ in solution. The highest removal efficiency of Pb2+ for CTS-PA4, CTSB and CTSB-G-Hy is 94%, 96% and 93%, respectively. The results showed the adsorption property of CTSB is the highest. The CTSB- G- Hy has good mechanical property, acid-resistance and alkali-resistance.

第二部分壳聚糖的改性及其对水溶液中铅离子的吸附性能研究以壳聚糖为原料制备了三种改性吸附剂——聚丙烯酸钠改性壳聚糖(CTS——PA_4)、珠状壳聚糖凝胶树脂和戊二氨交联珠状壳聚糖凝胶树脂，着重考察了CTSB—G—Hy的制备条件，并考察了三种吸附剂吸附6.3mg/L铅离子水溶液中铅的最佳使用条件，结果表明对CTS—PA_4而言当pb~(2+)溶液的pH在4～6.5之间，吸附剂用量为5g/L，吸附时间为1h时pb~(2+)去除率高于94％，CTS—PA_4可在酸性条件下使用，在碱性条件下依然有效但处理效果较差；CTSB对pb~(2+)具有很好的吸附能力吸附剂用量为5g/L，吸附时间为1h时处理效果极佳，pb~(2+)去除率高于96％；CTSB—G—Hy对pb~(2+)具有一定的吸附能力，吸附剂用量为3g/L，吸附时间为1.5h时处理效果最佳，Pb~(2+)去除率高于93％，而且CTSB—G—Hy的机械强度高，耐酸碱性强，可在较宽的pH范围内使用。

Structure characteristics of the shell-side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and laws of fluid flow and heat transfer are researched deeply, and ""sideling flow"" in the shell-side is researched especially.

相对于现有壳程流体横向流、纵向流和螺旋流的流动状态，换热器壳程流体的倾斜流动状态兼有壳程流体横向流动和纵向流动所具有的传热和阻降性能的双重优势，从而发展了管壳式换热器壳程结构设计理念。

Live specimen of C. latens for the sehll selection experiment preferred the shell type which was the most abundant in the field. But the field specimen did not use the most abundant shell type.

潮间带C。 latens的野外调查资料与实验室情况下的选壳实验比较，显示在选壳实验中寄居蟹最喜好的壳型是野外最多产的壳型，但是与野外最常使用的壳型不同。

Its high-capacity and strong-acid-resistance were proved. In the acid condition, the adsorption efficiency to acide green 6B and direct fast yellow RL reached above 90%. Through the adsorption rate curve on adsorption behavior of the three dyes, they were all according with pseudo-secondary adsorption rate curve. The rate constant of adsorption increased with increasing temperature. Through the adsorption isotherm of the three dyes, acide green 6B and direct fast yellow RL were according with Langmuir equation, while disperse blue 56 was according with Freundlich equation. The adsorption behavior was an endothermic process. Entropy was increasing during the adsorption. So raising temperature was in favor of adsorption.

结果表明，甲醛环氧氯丙烷交联壳聚糖对染料具有较强的吸附性能和耐酸性能，在酸性条件下，对酸性绿6B和直接耐晒黄RL的吸附效率达90％以上；拟合甲醛环氧氯丙烷交联壳聚糖对三种染料的吸附速率曲线，发现该吸附行为符合拟二级吸附速率曲线，其吸附速率常数随温度的升高而增大；通过测定不同温度下甲醛环氧氯丙烷交联壳聚糖吸附三种染料的吸附等温线表明，甲醛环氧氯丙烷交联壳聚糖对酸性绿6B和直接耐晒黄RL的吸附符合Langmuir方程，而对分散蓝56的吸附符合Freundlich方程，甲醛环氧氯丙烷交联壳聚糖对染料的吸附是一个吸热过程，吸附后体系熵增加，升温有利于吸附。

The invention relates to a method for producing duck wheat case pillow, wherein it is formed by duck wheat case, honeysuckle, and sweet wormwood; the mass ration between duck wheat case and Chinese traditional drugs is 10:1-3; the mass ratio between honeysuckle and sweet wormwood is 1:1; the duck wheat case is immerged in water for 2-3h; the honeysuckle and sweet wormwood are put in wood pot to be steamed for 11-12h; using microwave to dry matter to make water content lower than 8%; disinfecting.

本发明中一种苦荞壳药枕及其制备方法。由苦荞壳和中药材金银花、青蒿组成，苦荞壳与中药材重量比为10∶1～3，金银花与青蒿的重量比为1∶1。苦荞壳用水浸泡2-3小时，加入金银花与青蒿置于木甄薰蒸11-12小时，微波干燥含水量小于8％，杀菌即得。本发明的苦荞壳药枕对于失眠者和高血压、颈椎病、头痛、头昏等患者具有保健和辅助治疗作用。

According to the present situation of Hebei province, chitin was extracted from waste crab shells of Qing Huangdao, and then chitosan was prepared. On the base of those, a series of chitin/chitosan derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Finally,~then they were applied in fruit preservative, flocculation and cosmetics. The main results ~re summerized as follows:(1) Chitosans with low, middle and high viscosity have been prepared from chitin, which was extracted from waste material of crab shells produc ed in Qing HuangDao.

并对针对河北省的资源情况，从秦皇岛蟹壳废料中提取甲壳素，制备壳聚糖，在此基础上制备了一系列甲壳素/壳聚糖的衍生物，对其结构与性能进行深入的研究，并开发其在食品保鲜、污水处理、化妆品等方面的应用，具体分述如下：（1）以所提取的甲壳素为原料，在浓碱溶液中通过正交实验法对壳聚糖的制取条件进行优化，确立制备低、中、高三种粘度壳聚糖的最佳条件。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。