商业信用

Chapter Three expounds the contents of the main risks confronted our state-owned commercial banks in current situation and then analyzed the cause of formation of the main risks. I hold the opinion that the key factors that curb the improvement of risk management in our state-owned banks are as follows: the limitation of the property right system, the imperfectness of the credit legal system and the backwardness of the technological means in risk management.

第三章阐述了现阶段我国商业银行面临的主要风险的内容，随后分析了主要风险的成因，认为产权制度缺陷、外部市场缺陷、信用法制环境不完善，风险管理的技术手段落后是制约目前国有商业银行风险管理能力提高的关键因素。

While some thrift institutions have acquired demand deposit authority, their participation in money creation is limited relative to banks which hold nearly all business demand deposits and the majority of individual and government demand deposits.

尽管一些储蓄机构也获得了提供活期存款的授权，但与商业银行相比它们创造信用的能力十分有限，由于商业银行拥有几乎所有企业的活期存款、绝大部分个人和政府的活期存款。

First, this gives birth to sovereign credit risk; Second, this results in the exterior problem of the property right structure of state-owned commercial banks which destroys the incentive and restrictive functions of property right; Third, the administration put on state-owned commercial banks excludes the supervision implemented by central bank.

其结果是：第一，导致了国家信用制度风险的产生；第二，造成了国有商业银行二重产权结构下的外部性问题，破坏了产权的激励与约束功能；第三，政府对国有商业银行的行政式管理排斥中央银行监管。

To improve the venture supervisory system of our country and to enhance the competition level of the commercial bank is the only way to make the commercial bank a better challenge for the whole opening of our commercial bank. Also, it is the only way for commercial bank to grow up rapidly in the condition of opening and to inosculate in international market.

我国的商业银行风险监管体系包括静态监管体系和动态监管体系，通过分析动态监管体系和静态监管体系之间的关系，可以得出，静态监管条目下的法律体系、组织体系和技术体系可以代表整个风险监管体系的内容，该风险监管体系要对我国商业银行面临的信用风险、市场风险、操作风险等进行监管。

Finally, this paper demonstrates how to measure credit risk through a case and puts forward some advice for our commercial banks.

最后，通过一个国内银行的实际案例来具体说明如何测定我国商业银行的信用风险，并对我国银行业信用风险的测定和建模提出了一些意见和建议。

In this paper we discuss about the credit problems in internet trading which is the key part of e-commerce and how to solve these credit problems.

本文主要探讨在中国的商业环境下，作为电子商务的核心部分——网络交易遇到了哪些信用问题以及怎样解决网络交易的信用问题。

This paper establishes the credit risk evalution index system of the enterprise mainly based on the exiting theory of enterprise credit risk.

本文主要以现行的企业信用风险理论为基础，建立基于商业银行的企业的信用风险评估指标体系。

How to measure credit risk to improve commercial banks credit is very important.

如何度量银行的信用风险以及如何提高商业银行的信用就成为一个十分重要而迫切的问题。

The loan credit risk is the main source of the commercial bank credit risk.

贷款信用风险是商业银行信用风险的主要来源。

Turkiye halk bankasi a.s Gaziantep commercial branch Degirmicem mah.gazimuhtarpasa bulvari presrij is merkezi alti No:5/6 sehitkamil Gaziantep/turkiye 3- in case of nonutilazation of this credit totally or partially pls.cancel the credit or unutilized balance under tested telex/auth.swift advice to us.

Turkiye halk bankasi a.s Gaziantep 商业广告部门 Degirmicem mah.gazimuhtarpasa bulvari presrij 是 merkezi alti 不：5/6 sehitkamil Gaziantep/turkiye 3-假使这信用的 nonutilazation 完全地或部份地 pls.cancel 信用或在测试的电报/auth.swift 忠告之下对我们不利用平衡。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。