命题函数

It introduces the basic knowledge and ideas of mathematical logic and classic set theory, including proposition logic and predicate logic, reasoning calculus and theorem proving methods, basic operations and properties of sets and relations, functions of any sets and their properties, the cardinals of infinite sets, and the applications of knowledge and ideas above in computer sciences.

本课程系统介绍数理逻辑与朴素集合论的基础知识，包括：命题逻辑和谓词逻辑、定理的推理演算和机器证明方法，集合和二元关系的基本运算和性质、任意集合中的函数及其性质，无穷集合的基数，以及上述知识在计算机科学中的应用。

Reduced SQP based on orthonormal bases, orthogonal bases and coordinate bases are studied and compared. With the correction item introduced, the null-space move is adjusted and the reduced SQP based on coordinate bases decomposition is improved.●The key problem of steady-state data processing for RTOPT is studied. A new algorithm of simultaneous strategies for data reconciliation and gross error detection is proposed. Here the objective function that is constructed using maximum likelihood principle and joint distribution function is minimized. Efficient algorithm is developed which exploited the nonlinear lease-square structure of this objective function.

仿真结果表明了算法的有效性；●深入研究了在线优化中的一个关键问题——稳态数据处理问题，用基于组合概率分布的目标函数联立求解粗劣误差检测和数据调和问题；以精馏塔在线优化的数据处理和模型修正为例，提出一种根据模型方程对参数的依赖性进行过程模型分解的分层策略，可以将数据调和和参数估计统一在数据处理的大框架中，为进一步的过程性能分析、操作状况评价以及在线优化提供可靠的基准，具有非常重要的工程应用价值；●将优化命题的形式扩展到更通用的形式。

This paper firstly reviews the history of Automated Theorem Proving and Mizar,then gives a description of methods of mechanical theorem proving and verification to mathematical proposition under Mizar system.Based on that basis,the paper has done some Mizar researches on mixed operation of quaternion,differentiati- on of special composite function and the application of Rolle\'s theorem.

本文首先介绍了定理机器证明和Mizar语言系统的发展历史，其次简单描述了Mizar系统下定理机器证明和校验数学命题的方法，在此基础上对四元数的混合运算，特殊复合函数的微分以及洛尔定理的应用等方面进行了Mizar实现。

According to order relations defined between interval numbers, a fuzzy evaluation function is introduced into a multiobjective programming problem, this method results in the conversion of the complex multiobjective programming into the single objective programming.

摘要对系数为区间数的多目标线性规划规划问题，在区间数序关系下提出了序关系评价函数概念，并给出了一个命题，用此方法可将复杂的多目标线性规划为简单的单目标规划。

So-called first-order theorem proving may be restricted to a propositional calculus with terms (constants, function names, and free variables) added, making it impossible to express mathematical induction.

所谓一阶定理证明可限于命题演算的条款（常数，函数名，并免费变量）说，无法表达数学归纳法。

As for the standard rational hypothesis of economics, it is weak for its power to explain altruistic behavior; this paper establishes improvably a new hypothesis that forms new relations between the egoistic motivation and the utility function of agent. And then gives a general proposition: egoistic and altruistic behavior both originally come from a unique and invariable egoistic motivation.

提要：斯密问题及其在当代的延展是：一种利己动机能否驱策利己和利他两种行为针对标准新古典理性假设对于利他行为的解释力疲弱，本文改进性地建构了利己动机与行为人效用函数及其关系，提出了一般性命题：利己或利他行为都根源自唯一不变的利己动机。

On the other hand, a service provider may receive many requests at the same time, and because of the limited resources, it can't serve all of them. Consequently, for both service requesters and providers, there is a challenge of selecting interaction partners. This can be achieved by our proposed one-to-many service negotiation model.

在这个模型中，利用模糊命题表示协商参与者对服务的约束，这些约束是非数值化的；使用效用函数表示对数值化的服务非功能属性的偏好，采用二者相结合的方法建模对服务非功能属性的偏好选择。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。