刚性

This study borrows the term "imprinting" from psychology to analogize the learning process for a country that had had no constitutional cultural background but had to make its own constitution.

在台湾广被用来描述我们的宪法之特徵的「刚性宪法」概念，便是本文所要探讨的迷思。至於「刚性宪法」的迷思是如何形成的？

The influence of the instantaneous angle of attack and ST on the performance of propulsion is investigated.

以鱼类尾鳍摆动式推进模式为背景，对二维刚性和柔性水翼摆动运动的非定常水动力性能开展了数值计算，将刚性水翼的计算结果与实验值进行了对比，吻合较好。

So it can track the target with robustness. The proposed method is based on particle filter, integrated with color histogram in the measurement model, and the system model is a second-order autoregressive process. The tracked target can be rigid or non-rigid.

这种方法是把颜色直方图结合到粒子滤波的观测模型中，应用二阶自回归模型作为系统模型，跟踪的目标既可以是刚性目标，也可以是非刚性目标，并且跟踪算法可以实时实现。

Finite element method is employed to analyze to the effect of asphalt pavement with changing thickness and modulus of semi-rigid base course.

利用有限元法，通过改变半刚性基层的厚度和弹性模量对沥青路面的影响，分析得出了适当的增加半刚性基层的厚度、底基层的厚度和底基层弹性模量，可以提高路面的力学性能和使用寿命，但是当基层的强度达到一定的强度后，再增加它的强度对路面的影响不是太大。

A base of the heat exchange unit (12) has the highest rigidity among those of a main body of the exhaust pipe (5) and the heat exchange unit (12) both of which form an exhaust passage.

热交换单元(12)的基部具有排气管(5)的主体和热交换单元(12)的刚性中的最高刚性，排气管的主体和热交换单元两者形成排气道。

Different distribution of power affects the performance of the internal control. Institution regulates the means to manage the labor, finance and matter so as to restrict the leaders over-use the power and ensure the enterprise in the right direction. Both power and institution have the character of rigidity. If the leader only paid attention to these two levels, the organization would appear the situation full of tediousness and rigidity. Therefore, in the process of development, the Non-state-run enterprise forms another character: flexible management. Through the flexible means, the Non-state-run enterprise avoid the tendency of doctrinairism and reduce the cost of rigidity, which ensures the validity of internal control.

权力决定了领导者与被领导者的等级关系，形成控制主体与控制对象之间的支配与被支配格局，不同的权力分配模式影响着内控制度贯彻执行的效果；制度以规范管理为目标，规定企业关于人、事、财、物等的管理原则、作业程序和控制办法，是制约独断专行、引导企业步入正轨的法则，制度的完善及有效与否关系到民营企业的成败；权力和制度具有高文本性特征，难免被生搬硬套，造成刚性管理，出现控制过严过死的情况，束缚了员工积极性和创造性的发挥，导致组织僵化和效率损失，因此民营企业在发展过程中伴随着另外一大特点，就是柔性管理，通过灵活变通的方法，避免了教条主义管理倾向，化解集权和制度的刚性成本，运用多种柔性化的管理方式向无为而治的内控最高境界迈进。

This study first analyzes boundary condition of single column member and adopts relative joint bending stiffness ratio of AISC to find the effective length factor. For that a structural joint or connection is neither full rigid nor full hinge in practice, this study uses this concept to establish the semi-rigid joint model. This study then discusses the structural behaviors of tapered members results with those from and compares these previous studies.

本文先对於单一柱构件之边界条件进行分析，采用AISC规范求取有效长度系数之G值控制梁柱相对劲度，同时考虑一般实务上结构接合并非完全刚性或完全铰接，模拟介於两者间之半刚性接合，藉由模拟结果进一步探讨非均匀构架之结构行为，并与前人之研究相关成果比较。

The ignition and its flame spreading test system of the modular charges in the natural environment is built up, a number of ignition and its propagation methods are simulated, the characteristic parameters of the system in the natural environment are obtained.

本文针对刚性组合装药的点传火技术进行了一些基础性试验研究和理论分析，建立了自然环境下刚性组合装药的点传火试验系统，并对多种点传火方案进行了模拟试验，获得了点传火系统在自然环境下的重要性能参数。

In the device, a four-post frame was adopted, two synchronously rotating grip holders were used to realize rigidity rotation of the specimen, and the axial movement of the upper grip holder implemented the tension/compression loading. Positioning accuracy in the axis, radial and circumferential directions were achieved by adopting many advanced and delicate technologies. Measurement on the device indicated that the actual positioning accuracy of the device was better than the kinematic positioning accuracy. Evaluation test on the system indicated that the spatial resolution is better than the pixel size without considering the noise.

该装置采用了四柱式框架结构，采用上下夹头同步转动实现试件相对于框架的刚性转动；上夹头作相对于框架的轴向运动实现对试件的加载；在加载和转动装置中采用了诸多高精技术，实现了试件高精度的轴向定位、径向定位和刚性角度定位；对装置的精度检测表明其实际的定位精度优于运动学定位精度要求；对系统的计量考评初步表明，系统不计噪声的空间分辨率优于X射线CCD的像素10.9μm。

Then after a semi-rigid joint behavior can be modeled as a finite stiffness rotation spring, base on rotation and displacement equation derive the element stiffness matrixes with semi-rigid connections where the effects of jointed flexibility and shear forces in the connection deformations have been considered in and fixed-end forces are modified. Finally, a program for calculating system reliability of semi-ridge steel frames with Monte carlo method and finite element analysis has compiled for calculating and analyzing.

接着本文在介绍和分析半刚性连接弯矩和转角关系模型的基础上，用带有转动刚度的弹簧表征半刚性连接，推导出半刚性连接的刚度矩阵，对固端力进行修正，同时考虑了剪切变形的影响，编制了半刚接钢结构平面框架的有限元程序BHPFL，并在其基础上编制了基于蒙特卡洛法的Monte Carlo-BHPFL 有限元相结合的方法，进行体系可靠度的分析。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。