分句

With the help of the traditional comparative approach and based on the research done by older generation, the author proceeds from the fundamental viewpoints of cognitive linguistics and from both the positive depiction argument exploration, specifically discussing the feature of "Provided p, q" being distinguished from "If p, q": Clause p in "Provided p, q"only indicates the minimum condition resulting in q while Clause p "If p, q" is not necessarily the minimum condition to the result q.

本文从认知语言学的基本观点出发，借助传统的比较方法，在前辈研究的基础上，从实证描写和理据探究两个方面，着重论述"只要p ，就q"区别于"如果p ，就q"的一个特征："只要p ，就q"所引导的分句p一般只用来表示导致结果q的最低条件，而"如果p ，就q"所引导的分句p对于结果q来说则并不一定是最低条件。

In repeated condition, a word in the first sentence was homophonic to a word in the third sentence such that a homophone was presented twice.

重复条件下，句子第一个分句中的一个词与第三个分句中的一个词同音异形。

It had almost satisfied his romantic dreams of 1925, when , as a new correspondent in Vienna, he had stood in awe before the Chancellery on the Ballhaus Platz, where Metternich had planned his tricks.

请各位不吝赐教。when分句在整个句子的下半部时，在绝大多数情况下其前不用逗号。当when分句很长或较复杂时，适宜用逗号隔开

Current researches show little attention to this structure and thus this paper is devoted to an overall understanding of this structure. The content of this thesis focuses on the following three aspects:First, when restricting the potential semantic range of noun phrases with its own proposition, the modifying clauses in English and Chinese share the same semantic features. That is to say, the modified noun phrase and the predicate of the clause depend on each other for existence. This semantic restrictiveness is obligatory for the clause and the noun phrase it modifies in both languages. Second, though sharing the same potential conceptual meaning, the combination of a clause and its modified noun phrase shows different syntactic position in surface structure as well as the inner structure of the clause. Based on a full description of syntactic characteristics of this kind of clause, the present thesis points out the differences and similarities existing in surface structure between English and Chinese. Finally, under the guidance of Chomskys Minimalist Program(1995), the thesis analyses the derivational processes of this structure in both languages.

现有的对比研究对于该结构的探讨，不论是在描述和解释上都是不完备的，为了深化这一句法结构的认识，本文从如下几个方面对英汉分句作定语修饰名词的现象进行了对比：首先，分句用自身的命题限制中心名词的语义范围时，在两种语言中具有相同的语义特征，即中心名词与分句内部的谓词之间存在依存关系，分句修饰名词必然受到语义的限制，是英汉两种语言必须共同遵守的准则；其次，英汉两种语言中表达相同概念意义的这一句法单位与其修饰的名词结合后，在表层结构中体现出不同的位置关系，且分句内部的句法结构也各有特点，本文在充分对其句法特征描述的基础上，指出二者在表层形式上的差异和共性；最后，尝试在乔姆斯基的最简方案(1995)框架内，演示英汉两种语言。

Then, it is argued that the first of the two clauses of the construction is a correlative clause taking the form of an operator-variable construction (the variable being the wh-word), and that the relativization is realised through Conjoin-α, a default operation of Adjoin-α, which conjoins the operator-variable construction with the head, the wh-word in the second clause (in the form of an E-type pronoun).

然后作者提出，这种自由关系分句结构的第一个分句即是一个以算子-变量结构形式存在的关联分句；该分句通过Conjoin-α操作过程与第二个分句中以指示代词形式出现的wh-词接合，即形成自由关系分句。

The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.

此句由两个结构相同的并列分句组成，均为主句在前，条件状语在后，在两个条件状语中均含有时间状语，此外，两个并列分句中也都含有时间状语，均为within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，译成中文时，条件状语应分别置于主句之前，而所有的时间状语均放在各自修饰的动词的前面。同时，为了符合汉语句式较短的特点，可以将两个并列分句断开，分解成两个单句，即译成

With regard to the constructions of it-extraposition, the clausal argument (finite clause or nonfinite clause) acting as subject or object is displaced from its normal, canonical position to the right (non-canonical) position, and the original subject or object position is occupied by an expletive it .

就其结构形式而言，充当主语或宾语的分句(限定性时态分句或非限定性不定式分句)从其常规位置被外置到一个非常规位置，通常置于句末位置，而常规的主语或宾语位置则由一个无实质语义内容的虚词 it充当。

The major types of non—finite subordinate clause are infinitive clause ,—ing participle clause and—ed participle clause and verbless clause .

非限定从属分句的形式有不定式分句，以—ing 结尾的分词分句，以—ed 结尾的分词分句和无动词分句

The major types of finite subordinate clause are relative clause, adverbial clause and nominal clause.The major types of non—finite subordinate clause are infinitive clause,—ing participle clause and —ed participle clause and verbless clause.

非限定从属分句的形式有不定式分句，以—ing 结尾的分词分句，以—ed 结尾的分词分句和无动词分句 Chapter 12 Relative Clause 关系分句 31 难点，一，难点，重点 1。

There are as many as 50 body parts, from your skin to your corneas, that can save or transform the life of a potential recipient, but for many families lost in grief, the idea of dismembering a loved one is more than they can bear.

结构分析：这句是由but 做连接词的两个分句。第一个分句中包含一个由 that 引导的定语从句修饰body parts；第二个分句的主语是the idea。句子译文：人身上有50中可捐献的器官，皮肤和角膜都包括在内。每种都可能救活一个人或改变他们的命运。

It is also known as one of the most poisonous naturally occurring substances.

它也被称为一个最自然发生的有毒物质。

The greatest stress is found at the location on the cross section where V is the largest.

最大应力出现在横截面上V为最大的地方。