以...作基础

This paper is based on the field work. The main threads of it is the process of obsequies ceremony. I describe and explain the living background, the social and culture function of obsequies ceremony in east of Gansu in the anthropology sight and using the way of styding EthnomusicologyThis paper is divided into five parts:The first part: the introduction.

本文在田野调查报告的基础上，以陇东丧葬仪式发生过程为主线，以人类学的视野和民族音乐学的方法，对陇东丧俗仪式中鼓吹乐的生存背景和社会及文化功能，作以描述和解释。

In order to do so, a new direct formula is first developed to generate the fuzzy rules from the premise part in FNN. This direct formula not only guarantees a one to one mapping that maps the fuzzy membership functions onto the fuzzy rules, but also alleviates the coding effort during hardware implementation. It is further elaborated that the FNN with non-overlapped BPMF's has the advantage of faster on-line training which requires less computation time, but at the cost of more memory requirement to store the fuzzy rules.

本论文提出与查表法技术同等简易的具有非重叠方块脉冲归属函数之FNN控制器架构，并将两者之隐藏连系关系作一完整探讨，提供一套基於FNN设计观念来设计TL控制器的方法；而此一改良的架构也应用到汽车涡轮引擎喷水控制系统及高转速无刷直流马达控制器上，透过即时学习来克服系统非线性，并透过实作验证本系统在汽车涡轮引擎高温恶劣操作环境及无刷直流马达高速三相转换时间下仍保有极佳的性能，显示以具有BPMFs的FNN为基础的TL控制器是一强健的控制系统。

The content of the parental rights and minor children's rights of privacy has all aimed to the private life of minor children's study and entertainment, which has created the condition of the conflicts between the two parties. Neither the law of our country has detailed stipulated for the content of parental rights, nor stipulated restrictedly to minor children's rights of privacy. The legitimate right is the basis to realize the right and ensure the right is legal. Because of the unperfected law, both two parties haven't got a clear confine in using their rights. So it also becomes one important reason of the conflict. In the past, parents use their guardianship as the hegemony which including some long-history autocratic tradition. It is the cultural factor of disregarding and excluding the individual privacy. With the development of democracy and legal system, citizen including minor children have realized their rights to privacy which has also become one reason to raise the right conflict.

因父母行使亲权与未成年隐私权的内容均指向了未成年人的学习娱乐等私生活，为两者发生冲突创造了条件；而我国法律既未对父母行使亲权的内容作具体详实的规定，也未对未成年人的隐私权作限制性规定，权利的法定化是为权利的实现和保障奠定法律基础和合法性依据的，法律本身的不完备、不完善使得权利主体行使权利的界限不明确，也是造成权利冲突的重要原因；古代以家长权为支配权的亲子法，包括中国古代社会存在的源远流长的专制传统，是对个人隐私的漠视和排斥的文化因素；随着民主法制的发展，公民包括未成年人权利意识的发展，也是权利冲突现象增多的一个直接导因。

According to understanding of teaching and scientific reseach in long period and relevant documents at home and abroad,the division of 30 kinds of fruit forms of Angiospermae is discussed on the basis of origin of pericarp and morphogenesis of mature pericarp.Some incomplete or easily misunderstood conceptional items in certain textbooks are replenished and corrected.

根据多年来在教学和科研工作中的体会，参考了国内外有关文献资料，从解剖构造入手，以果皮的来源和果实成熟时果皮的形态为基础，对被子植物30种果实类型的划分作了探讨，对部分教科书中某些不完整或易被误解的概念作了补充和更正。

Part four studies different syntactic functions of "XIANG+NP".The "XIANG+NP" phrase can present itself both at the adverbial position and the complement position with some restrictions. All these analyses are about factive motions.Part five contrasts "XIANG+NP" as an adverbial modifier and as a complement.

现实位移类的&向+NP+VP&和&V+向+NP&的比较因为现实位移类是虚拟位移类的隐喻基础，本文就以现实位移类为考察对象，从认知角度分析了&向+NP&作状语和作补语的区别，表现在说话人的视点不同、射体和地标凸显的侧面不同、&向+NP&在不同语法条件下NP的语义角色不同。

Both upper and lower dental study models were collected from 30 boys (12 years old) and 30 girls (12 years old) with acceptable normal occlusion to understand the characteristics of the crown size, dental arch width and length such as (1) mesiodistal diameters of crown size from central incisor to first molar,(2) the width and length of dental arch and basal arch and (3) the morphology of dental arch form. After statistical analysis, data were compared with Japanese, Central and South American Indians and North American Caucasians from papers. The results were:(1) There was no statistical difference in teeth size between males and females, except the upper first molar of males was larger than that of females, lower central incisor of males was smaller than that of females.(2) The dimensions of dental arch of males were larger than that of females in general, especially such items as width and length of basal arch.(3) The crown size of Chinese male was in generally smaller than that of four other races, especially the upper canine, lower central incisor and first molar.

为了解住在台湾的中国人其牙齿的大小，齿列弓幅径及形态，为齿科人类学上的特微，以期能对儿童牙科，齿颚矫正科之临床及齿科基础医学能有所贡献，抽取12岁学童男女各30名共60名，可接受为正常咬合之上下颚齿列模型，测量其上下颚(1)左侧正中门牙到第一大臼齿共计12颗恒牙之牙冠近远心径，(2)齿列弓宽径、长径及齿槽基底宽径、长径，(3)齿列弓之形态，以上资料经统计分析作t-test检定，并与诸学者对日本人、北美白人、中美及南美印第安人人种的研究结果作检讨得知；(1)男女性恒牙的近远心径无明显差异，但男性上颚第大臼齿比女性者大，下颚正中门牙比女性者小；(2)男性的齿列弓幅径比女性者为大，尤以齿槽基底宽径及长径最显著；(3)国人男子的牙齿近远心径比其他四人种者为小，特别是国人的上颚犬齿，下颚正中门牙及第一大臼齿最小。

Therefore, the Chinese Marxism which they created is revolutionary Chinese Marxism, and revolution is the core of dialectic, and it vindicates for reasonable of revolution.

由此决定了他们所创立的中国化的马克思主义，只能是革命的中国化的马克思主义，而作为其世界观和方法论基础、且贯穿其中的的中国化马克思主义哲学及其辩证法，只能是以革命为核心、且是为革命的合理性作辩护、作论证的。

Accordingly, this study, to take the craftsmen of painting in Tainan as an example, based on the concrete example of painting in temples and the investigation of field, is to probe the possibility that the type of painting motif in some space follows; to explore the relation of stratum between the extension of motif and the distribution of images before the traditional craftsmen began to paint, and then to understand their thought pattern. Second, to analyze the contents of images and the origin and development of painting style, and to amplify the implicative esthetic sense, symbolism, and the common people's value in the sequence of culture.

有鉴於此，本研究以台南地区画师为例，透过彩绘在庙宇空间实例与田野调查为基础，梳理彩绘题材类型在空间主题展开所依循的可能性，探讨传统工匠面对彩绘施作前，主题展开与图像分布的阶层关系，以了解画师的思维运作模式，其次分析图像内容、绘画风格演变与源流，以阐述内蕴的审美意识、象徵意涵，及文化脉络中常民价值观。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

The first part discusses the affection of bounded rationality on rational foundation of the theory.The second part introduces the idea and framework of this theory,and the general 2*Mperson symmetric game and hawk*Mdove game and used as examples.The third part surveys the theory and practice value of evolutionary game theory,and discusses its prosperity of developement.

文章第一部分讨论了有限理性对博弈论理性基础的影响；第二部分介绍了进化博弈论的思想和分析框架，并以一般两人对称博弈和鹰鸽博弈为例作了具体讨论；第三部分对进化博弈论的理论和应用价值，以及进化博弈论的发展前景作了总结和讨论。

He is the most remarkable man that I have ever known.

他是我知道的人中最值得注意的人。

Increased appearance of lymphocele was noticed in patients with diabetic nephropathy, congenital malformations of the urinary tract, and inflammatory diseases, including glomerulopathy and extraglomerular ones, after high-voltage radiotherapy and after removal of the renal graft.

经过高压放射疗法和切除移植肾后，在糖尿病肾病患者、泌尿系统先天性畸形患者和炎症患者身上发现淋巴囊肿有所增加，包括肾小球病和球外疾病等。