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In China, according to domestic laws such as General Principles of Civil Law, Patent Act, Trademark Act, Copyright Act, Anti-Unfair Competition Act, Invention Incentive Ordinance, Computer Software Protection Ordinance, and New Plant Variety Protection Ordinance, and many international treaties joined by China, intellectual property include patent rights, trademark rights, copyrights, trade-secret rights, tradename rights, mask work rights and new plant variety rights.

根据《民法通则》《专利法》《商标法》《著作权法》《反不正当竞争法》《发明奖励条例》《计算机软件保护条例》《植物新品种保护条例》等国内法律法规的规定，以及中国加入的众多国际公约的要求，知识产权在中国的保护范围主要包括：专利权、商标权、著作权、商业秘密权、商号权、集成电路布图设计权和植物新品种权。

At the end of the thesis,practically and realisticallysummarizing the studies concerning this topic,the author believes to put forward thenew viewpoints in following aspects,i.e.the"theory of three-phase"for thedevelopment of victimology;the trends of the worldwide development of the redress ofthe victims'rights;the new method to protect the victims,which balances theprotection between the victims and inflictors to resume the victims'rights by setting upthe protective measures such as the national relief and social supporting system for thevictims,which rarely connects with their rights and interests directly;the necessity ofthe redress of the victims'rights in 6 aspects;the deficiencies on the issue of theredress of the victims'rights in the aspects of academic research and legislation;theelementary reflects on the constitutional foundation for the protection of the victims;the two-side analysis on the regulations for the protection of victims in new penal law;the suggestion to establish the system for investigation,statistics and proclamation ofvictimization;the design to consummate the rights and redress of the victims inappealing procedures;the assumption to establish the social supporting system of thevictims in China,and soon.

在论文的最后，实事求是地总结了自己关于本课题的研究，认为在以下若干方面提出了个人的新见解。提出了我国被害人学发展的"三阶段说"；提出了世界范围内犯罪被害人权利救济的发展趋势；提出了通过建立对犯罪被害人的国家补偿制度和社会支援体系这样的与加害人权益不大发生直接联系的犯罪被害人保护措施，来实现犯罪被害人的被害恢复，以求得加害人与被害人权利保护平衡的犯罪被害人权利保护方式的新思路；从六个方面提出了我国犯罪被害人权利救济的必要性；从理论研究和立法两个方面指出了我国在犯罪被害人权利救济问题上的欠缺点，其中对我国犯罪被害人的理论研究作了反思，对犯罪被害人保护的宪法依据作了初步的探讨，对新刑事诉讼法关于犯罪被害人的保护的规定作了一分为二的分析；提出了建立我国的犯罪被害调查、统计和公告制度的建议；提出了为了防止被害人的第二次被害，而完善犯罪被害人在诉讼程序中的权利与救济的方案；提出了构建我国犯罪被害人社会支援体系的设想。等等。

Human rights subject is limited in classical theories and evolving of the notion of hu—man rights subject ramifies the establishment of theory of universal subject,Legal person,as the fictional branch law subject which obtains the indemnification of human rights under constitution,expands the characteristic of human rights subject from life to personality,and theinternationalization of human rights makes collective versus individual the human rights subject under international law.

在古典人权理论中人权主体是有限的。现代人权理论中，人权的普遍性首先指主体的普遍性。法人所以成为人权主体，一则因之其权利为宪法意义上的权利；二则因之其保障方式为宪法诉讼方式。人权的国际化使集体成为特别的人权主体。

Because of the low efficiency of economy collectivization, collective property rights can"t last for a long time and central government has to communicate with community and peasants. Rural community collective property rights become subjective through balancing benefits by formal or informal trading. With the changes of political and economical environment, the contradiction of rural community property rights between fair and efficiency become more and more serious. Collective lands and collective enterprises advance to privatization gradually. There are two kinds of country collective property rights in the history of its evolution, one offer community common good and the other satisfy peasants" private demand. The collective property rights institution improvement brings efficiency because it privatizes the latter. Because of the limit of industrialization and civilization, land is still the last social welfare of peasants, so rural community must attain the collective property rights to control the pressure of population. Also community has to get money from collective economy.

本文分析的思路是；由于制度变迁的&路径依赖&，农村社区之间的利益分配边界在解放以后得以保持并在集体化过程中得到加强，为社区获得排他性集体产权奠定了基础；由于国家对农村经济的集体化效率极低而不可能长期维持，国家不得不与社区和农民对话，通过正式或非正式的交易平衡多方利益，社区集体产权获得实质性内容；随着政治、经济等环境的不断变化，社区集体产权公平与效率之间的矛盾同益明显，集体土地和集体企业逐渐朝私有化的方向发展；从农村社区集体产权制度变迁的历史来看，集体产权实际上包含两种形式：提供社区公共物品和满足社区农民个人需求，每一次集体产权的制度创新，都是使后者&私有化&而提高了集体经济的效率；但是，受我国工业化和城市化进程缓慢的制约，土地依然是农民最后的生存保障，农村社区必须保持对土地的集体产权以调节人口变化对土地的压力，社区组织行使职能也必须有一定的集体经济提供资金支持。

All actions were either real or personal,the former being brought to enforce real rights,which we,according to our peculiar usage,call rights in rem,the latter to enforce personal rights,or rights in personam.

All不动产或个人，前被带到实际执行的权利，我们根据我们的特殊用法，呼吁物权，后者实施的个人权利，或权利personam。

From now on, all property rights including property rights will be free gift spouse, parent, child, grandparent, grandparents, grandchildren, grandson, daughter, brother and sisters; housing housing property owners will be free gifts directly dependent on its commitment to the maintenance or obligations or the maintenance of dependents; and housing property rights of all deaths, according to the legal heirs to obtain property rights, wills and other heir or legatee three cases of property rights free gift, to the parties not to collect personal income tax.

今后，包括房屋产权所有人将房屋产权无偿赠与配偶、父母、子女、祖父母、外祖父母、孙子女、外孙子女、兄弟姐妹；房屋产权所有人将房屋产权无偿赠与对其承担直接抚养或者赡养义务的抚养人或者赡养人；房屋产权所有人死亡，依法取得房屋产权的法定继承人、遗嘱继承人或者受遗赠人等三种情形的房屋产权无偿赠与，可对当事双方不征收个人所得税。

At present narrow nationalism and totalitarianism are hampering the right understanding of human rights. At the same time too dependent on national public power is becoming one basic feature in understanding human rights among the third world. It results from a misbelief that the state has the sole power to provide human rights protection. These misunderstandings will do great harm to human rights theoretically and in practice. So to reaffirm the leading spirits of human rights is quite necessary.

时下，狭隘的民族主义与极权主义正日益侵蚀着多数第三世界国家对人权作出正确理解的能力，与此同时，对公共权力的过分依赖也逐渐成为这些国家人权观念的一部分，它源于那种将整个国家置于单一目标之下的危险意识形态，其结果是人权与民族国家间的固有矛盾被悄然消解，这种状况给人权理论与实践带来的危险是显而易见的。

The positive test draws the following conclusions: control rights is significantly negatively related with firm value which indicates that the bigger control rights the actual controller hold, the lower firm value is; cash flow rights is significantly negatively related with firm value which may due to the ravening share bonus deeds by controlling shareholder; the separation ratio of cash flow rights to control rights is negatively related with firm value and not significant which may due to the ravening share bonus deeds,or the deficient market, or inadequate information exposure etc; stock proportion restriction is significantly positive related with firm value which indicates the good effect of stock proportion restriction; actual controller who participate in the management and the ratio of director who have position in controlling shareholder's company don't pass the significant test; the size of the company is significantly negatively related with firm value; the ROE cannot explain the firm value.

通过实证检验发现，我国金字塔结构下民营上市公司的治理效应有以下特征：控制权与公司价值显著负相关，说明实际控制人掌握的控制权越大，公司价值越低；现金流权与公司价值显著负相关，这可能与我国民营上市公司控股股东的"掠夺性分红"行为有关；现金流权与控制权的分离率和公司价值负相关且未通过显著性检验，这可能与控股股东的"掠夺性分红"行为有关，也可能与市场的不完善、信息披露的不充分等有关；股权制衡度与公司价值显著正相关，说明我国民营上市公司的股权制衡机制能够产生一定程度的效果；实际控制人参与管理情况与在控股股东单位任职的董事比例和公司价值的关系均未通过显著性检验；公司规模与公司价值显著负相关；ROE对公司价值没有解释力。

Constructing harmonious society must eliminate disharmonic phenomena,rights poverty is the fountain factor that causes disharmony.most disharmony were caused by rights poverty,There exists a rise and ebb relationship between rights poverty and harmonious society,eliminating rights poverty is the fundamental way of constructing harmonious society,and constructing harmonious society is the effective measure of eliminating rights poverty.

构建和谐社会必须消除不和谐现象，权利贫困是造成社会不和谐的本源性因素，许多不和谐现象都是由权利贫困引起的。权利贫困与和谐社会之间存在着彼此消长的关系，消除权利贫困是构建和谐社会的根本途径，构建和谐社会是消除权利贫困的有效措施。

And the suggestion is that this system needs to be newly constructed from the following aspects: Firstly, immigration right must be added into the Constitution to guarantee the legal basis on what the rights of immigration system established; Secondly, the formulation of a unified China immigration laws change the current unified legal system; Thirdly, improve relief measures of the rights of immigration both from the public and private aspects; Fourthly, to establish a new unified border security inspection department for private business, to optimize the original setup of the department and to recon figurate the powers and rights; Fifthly, the restrictions on the discretion of the executive and administrative areas, stress the right immigration's central authority attribution All in all, the text begins with the basic contents of human rights of immigration, bases itself on the theoretical framework of human rights, adopts a historical point of view and vertical and horizontal comparative study methods, fully inspects and discusses other countries and regions'immigration system, critically scrutinizes the immigration-related regulations in China's the immigration system, and tries to build a immigration system theory and practice system that complies with China's practical circumstances by using constructive thinking and facilitates actual operation.

总而言之，该文从通行权作为人权的基本内容出发，以人权为理论框架背景，立足于历史角度，采用纵向和横向比较研究的方法，在充分考察和讨论其他国家和地区出入境通行权制度的基础上，批判性的看待中国现在的出入境制度中关于出入境通行权的相关规定，并试图以建设性的思维试图构建起符合中国国情的出入境通行权的理论体系和实践体系，便于实践操作。

Cable dampener cannot be rolled up but must be hung over the cable.

缆帆不能被卷起，必须保证处于展开状态

"This skylark is a present from my master," he says.

"这只云雀是我主人献上的礼物。"他说。