查询词典 structure function

Using the equivalent condition under which the limit of a sequence of fuzzy numbers exists in the sense of level convergence, we analyze the structure of the level continuous fuzzy number valued function. On the basis of it, we prove the level continuous fuzzy number valued function on a closed interval exists supremum and infimum and give the precise representation.

利用模糊数序列水平收敛意义下极限存在的充要条件，在分析了水平连续函数结构特点的基础上，证明了闭区间上水平连续的模糊数值函数存在上、下确界，并给出了上、下确界的具体表达式。

This paper tries to have some innovations in the following aspects:(1) the main cause of our tax revenue depending mainly on turnover tax is short of innovation in system;(2) its innovation in system to impel the rising of income tax in developed counties, which is a good example for us to learn from in the optimization of our tax structure ;(3) the main function of turnover and income tax should be separated according to their characters;(4) the reforms in turnover and income tax should be taken simultaneously, congenially and complementally, although the former will be more progressive while the later more abrupt;(5) the essential function of tax is to raise revenue, but its fair-promoting effect is much more obvious in disbursing than in collecting.

本文力求在以下几个方面有所创新：(1)认为我国税种收入过度依赖流转税的主要原因是制度创新力度不够；(2)认为制度创新是推动发达国家所得税从弱到强的主要原因，提出我国税种结构优化需要在制度上大胆创新；(3)提出根据各个税种的特性，流转税和所得税的主要功能应有所分工；(4)流转税和所得税的改革应双管齐下，以渐进的方式改革流转税，以突变的方式改革所得税，分工协作，优势互补；(5)提出税收的主要功能是筹集收入，税收在征收环节在促进结果公平方面效果甚微，税收在支出环节更能有效促进结果公平。

This paper tries to have some innovations in the following aspects:(1) the main cause of our tax revenue depending mainly on turnover tax is short of innovation in system;(2) it's innovation in system to impel the rising of income tax in developed counties, which is a good example for us to learn from in the optimization of our tax structure ;(3) the main function of turnover and income tax should be separated according to their characters;(4) the reforms in turnover and income tax should be taken simultaneously, congenially and complementally, although the former will be more progressive while the later more abrupt;(5) the essential function of tax is to raise revenue, but its fair-promoting effect is much more obvious in disbursing than in collecting.

本文力求在以下几个方面有所创新：(1)认为我国税种收入过度依赖流转税的主要原因是制度创新力度不够；(2)认为制度创新是推动发达国家所得税从弱到强的主要原因，提出我国税种结构优化需要在制度上大胆创新；(3)提出根据各个税种的特性，流转税和所得税的主要功能应有所分工；(4)流转税和所得税的改革应双管齐下，以渐进的方式改革流转税，以突变的方式改革所得税，分工协作，优势互补；(5)提出税收的主要功能是筹集收入，税收在征收环节在促进结果公平方面效果甚微，税收在支出环节更能有效促进结果公平。

When the production function was general, using theory of control and theory of stability, this paper discussed the production effect of government expenditure and fiscal policy, and got the expression of economic growth rate and structure stability of the economic variables when the production function was constant return to scale or increasing return to scale or decreasing return to scale, and pointed out how the interrelated parameters affected economic growth rate.

摘 要：在生产函数为一般形式时，利用控制论及定性理论的基本方法，讨论政府支出的生产效应和此时的财政政策。得出了当生产函数为规模收益不变、递增和递减时，经济增长率的大小及此时相关经济变量的定性结构，并指出了各种情况下相关参数如何对经济增长率产生影响。

In the proof,sufficient conditions are proved mainly by properties of K function and continuity of Lyapunov function:in necessary proof,we separately structure Lyapunov functions which satisfy the conditions of the theorems, such that the results establish.

在定理的证明中充分性主要利用K类函数严格单调递增和Lyapunov函数的连续性；必要性的证明中，分别构造Lyapunov函数，满足定理的条件，使得定理的结论成立。

The paper studied how to structure a kind of counterexample function in the analysis and widespread application emphatically, further pointed out the misunderstandings easily appeared in the concept and theorem of continuity, derivable, integrable, and other analytic properties of the function and gave the corresponding counter-example finally.

研究了一类函数在分析学相关反例构造中的应用，进一步指出有关函数的连续、可导、可积等分析性质的概念与定理中容易出现的误区，并给出相应的反例，希望能引起高校师生对该类函数的重视，进一步提高教学效果。

Take the method of "subarea" and "conjunction" to segment the whole request model to three parts. Making use of boundary continuousness between medium and lining structure at stress and displacement, construct a wave function that can satisfy the stress boundary condition at horizontal surface by the scattering of SH-waves in circular part. And then, availing of the wave function, conjoin the circular part into the semi-circular hollow space at common boundary. The problem can be reduced to solve the question that can only meet the condition of "conjunction". Finally, the solution of the problem can be summarized to a series of algebraic equations and solved numerically by truncating the finite terms of the infinite algebraic equations.

采用"分区"与"契合"的方法，将整个求解区域分割成三部分，利用介质与衬砌结构在边界上的应力、位移的连续性，构造一个可以自动满足水平界面上应力边界条件的圆域对SH波散射的波函数；再利用这一波函数将圆域与半圆形凹陷半空间的"公共边界"进行"契合"，将问题简化成对一个只需满足'契合'边界条件的散射问题的求解；最终归结为对一组无穷代数方程组的求解问题，利用截断有限项的方法对其进行计算。

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

In order to improve the accuracy, an idea raised on the interview is how the monthly increasing numbers of the customer impact the traffic of incoming call to the center. Collecting the monthly data from the Ministry of Communication, data covering the period of May 2000 through December 2001. Originally constructed the forecasting model with transfer function, the cross correlation function technique is demonstrated to the customer-traffic relationship, with particular focus on the customer lag structure. The result shown that the numbers of the customer in the third month will significantly effect upon the present call volume .

为了增加预测的精确度，从访谈得一假设在过去1、2个月新成长的客户数将对当月的话务量变化造成影响，所以从交通部统计处搜集TCC客户成长月资料，资料区间从民国八十九年五月至九十年十二月，欲建立电信公司的用户数成长数与服务电话的话务量变化之转换函数模式，但是以交叉相关函数方法显示的结果却是未来三个月预期的客户成长数将会对当月份的话务量变化造成显著的影响，以此作为本研究的发现。

Introduces the Julia set's definiens of Newton iteration function. With the aid of computer and the theory method ,this paper discusses the Newton iteration function's Julia set and Julia set's fractal structure of polynomial f=z 4-1 on complex plane , and also shows the Julia set's graph.

介绍了复平面上Newton迭代函数的Julia集的定义，借助计算机迭代制图及理论方法讨论了复平面上4次复多项式f＝z4－1的Newton迭代函数的Julia集及Julia集的分形结构，给出了其Julia集的分形图形。

Many will continue to choose to live in duality and in conflict.

许多人将继续选择活在二元对立性和冲突中。

I find that students of the University of Physical Education all wear sportswear at first sight.

我发现：体育大学的学生乍一看，都是穿运动衣，大家都一样