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The content included (1) characterizing macropres shapes;(2) obtaining the index to charaterizing soil macropore quantificationally through digitalizing and analysising the photo of soil section;(3) comparing the shapes of macropores among soils, which reasons were discussed;(4) studying the influence of the zonal diversity, soil depth and land utilization on macropore characeristics;(5) estimating the space variability of macropore in the microscale using spore variability index;(6) analysising the connectivity and sinuosity of macropore using preferential flow breakthrough curve;(7) discussing the feasibility of indicating the preferential flow degree using macroporosity and macropore perimeter.

系统划分了大孔隙类型；描述了大孔隙形态；通过对土壤切片图像数字化处理和分析，获得了描述大孔隙特征的两个基本指标：大孔隙度和周长，并对大孔隙进行了定量化地描述；比较了各土类之间大孔隙的形态差异，从土壤发生学的角度对其原因进行了分析；研究了地带性差异、土壤层次和土地利用方式对大孔隙特征的影响；阐明了小尺度范围大孔隙的空间分布特征；结合Br〓标记优先水流穿透曲线分析了大孔隙的连通性和弯曲性，探讨大孔隙形态指标评价大孔隙优先水流作用强弱的可行性。

The experimental conditions for measurement on the content of aluminium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, phosphor, silicon and titanium using ICP-AES method according to GB/T6730.63—2006 have been tested and analyzed. In the experiments the iron ore sample is decomposed and extracted using sodium carbonate/sodium tetraborate with proper acidity as the flux and then a working curve is drawn up using extremely pure ferric oxide (F2O3) as the primitive. And in the end the correlation coefficient r attains to 0.999 and above.

试验ICP-AES法测定铁矿石中铝、钙、镁、锰、磷、硅和钛国家标准方法GB/T6730.63－2006的实验条件，用碳酸钠/四硼酸钠作熔剂分解铁矿石样品，适当的酸度浸取，以高纯三氧化二铁打底作工作曲线，相关系数r达0.999以上。

A method for protecting channel error code resistance ability of low speed vocoder includes applying improved Chinese plain code and BCH code to separately protect voice parameter in voiceless and voiced sound frames at coding end, using BCH code to recover relevant parameters of voiceless sound frame and using maximum post verification probability rule to recover parameter of voiceless sound accurately for voiced sound frame then using line spectrum to parameter anti-error code algorithm to recover line spectrum to parameter at decoding end.

该方法在编码端改变2.4kb/s SELP编码后清音帧清浊音参数的发送模式；采用BCH码和改进的(7，4)汉明码分别保护清音和浊音帧中的语音参数；在解码端，根据信源信道的联合特性采用分支判决确定清浊音；对于清音帧采用相应BCH码恢复出对应参数，对于浊音帧采用基于长时统计特性的最大后验概率准则恢复清浊音参数，并解码出线谱对参数第一级并对残留误码的线谱对参数采用线谱对参数抗误码算法恢复。

Aimed at the problem of choosing the initial value when the Newton method is used to compute the controlling unstable equilibrium point, a practical and rigorous solving scheme was presented: by identifying the controlling load bus of the given fault, and using the Thevenin equivalent circuit to represent the rest of the system at the state of the post disturbance stable equilibrium point, using the steady equivalent circuit to represent the induction motor in composite load, and then using the torque characteristics of induction motor, a point near the CUEP is gained to be the initial value. The second order normal forms was used to approximate the stable manifold of CUEP, and the local approximating boundary of the region of attraction of the post disturbance stable equilibrium point was gained. Then just by simulating the state of the system at the fault clearing time, the transient voltage stability of the system could be determined.

针对采用牛顿法求取故障后系统主导不稳定平衡点(controlling unstable equilibrium point，CUEP)存在的初值选取难题，提出一种实用但不失严谨的解决方案：通过识别给定故障的主导负荷母线，对主导负荷母线以外系统由故障后稳定平衡点处的状态进行戴维南等值，对负荷中感应电动机部分采用其稳态等值电路，再由感应电动机的转矩特性求得CUEP附近的一个点作为近似的CUEP，以此为迭代初值可靠求得CUEP；采用二阶正规型来近似CUEP的稳定流形的方法求得近似的局部吸引域边界；由仿真得到故障清除时刻系统的状态并根据该状态是否位于吸引域内判断系统的暂态电压稳定性。

The main related design are on the following: Using RS232 to realize the target of communication links between host computer and target machines, and to test the PC serial; to make target machine startup disk; to design the Interface of target Machine ; to develop a device driver program module against remote data acquisition and control system ADAM5000 using the technical framework of xPC; and to realize Data Acquisition and controlling according to using ADAM5000 device driver program module against an actual water level in the block diagram of PID processing control system, the generation of real-time control procedures at the scene Debugging was expected to controlling effect.

本课题主要做了以下相关设计：利用RS232实现宿主机与目标机之间通信连接及对PC机串口的检测、制作目标机启动盘、设计目标机界面及在xPC技术框架下针对远端数据采集与控制系统ADAM5000开发了设备驱动程序模块，并以一个实际水箱液位为背景，在已有的PID液位过程控制系统算法框图中应用该设备驱动程序模块实现对现场设备的数据采集和控制，所生成的实时控制程序在现场调试中获得了预期的控制效果。

The main related design are on the following: Using RS232 to realize the target of communication links between host computer and target machines, and to test the PC serial; to make target machine startup disk; to design the Interface of target Machine ; to develop a device driver program module against remote data acquisition and control system ADAM5000 using the technical framework of x PC; and to realize Data Acquisition and controlling according to using ADAM5000 device driver program module against an actual water level in the block diagram of PID processing control system, the generation of real-time control procedures at the scene Debugging was expected to controlling effect.

本课题主要做了以下相关设计：利用RS232实现宿主机与目标机之间通信连接及对PC机串口的检测、制作目标机启动盘、设计目标机界面及在 x PC技术框架下针对远端数据采集与控制系统ADAM5000开发了设备驱动程序模块，并以一个实际水箱液位为背景，在已有的PID液位过程控制系统算法框图中应用该设备驱动程序模块实现对现场设备的数据采集和控制，所生成的实时控制程序在现场调试中获得了预期的控制效果。

The invention discloses the anti-fake method by using the 3D stereoscopic icon, which can show 3D stereoscopic icons and hide the confidential image information in the 3D stereoscopic icons, comprising the following steps of: obtaining parameters, inputting confidential images and grey images; then using a visual divided storage method to build n visual divided storage images, using a 3D stereograph method to build n 3D stereoscopic images, adjusting the sizes of the n visual divided storage images and the n 3D stereoscopic images and dividing the n visual divided storage images and the n 3D stereoscopic images into a plurality of basic blocks; finally random choosing the basic blocks in the corresponding positions in the visual divided storage images or the 3D stereoscopic images to build n 3D stereoscopic and visual divided storage icons, etc.

为了既能三维立体显示图标，又能在三维显示的图标中隐藏秘密图像信息，本发明公开了利用三维立体图标防伪的方法，包括获取参数，输入秘密图像和灰度图像；然后利用可视分存方法构造n幅可视分存图，利用三维立体画方法构造n幅三维立体图，调整所述n幅可视分存图和所述n幅三维立体图大小并分成多个基本块；最后随机选取可视分存图或三维立体图中相应位置处的基本块，构造n幅三维立体可视分存图标等步骤。

Chapter 2 is devoted to study of exact solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations. Using solutions of a Bernoulli equation instead of tanh in tanh-function method we find some more general solutions of the KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation , and by using the nonlinear telegraph equation we show that there are many different choices on its balancing number m and the power n of the nonlinear term in Bernoulli equation by which we can recover the previously known solutions and also can derive new square root type solitary wave solutions. Exact solitary wave solutions for a surface wave equation are obtained by means of the homogeneous balance method. We also present an approach for constructing the solitary wave solutions and non-solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations by using the homogeneous balance method directly, which is also used to find the steady state solutions, solitary wave solutions and the non-solitary wave solutions of the 2+1 dimensional dispersive long wave equations. The soliton-like solutions of the BLMP equation and the 2+1 dimensional breaking soliton equation are found by use of the symbolic-computation-based Method.

第二章中研究了非线性发展方程的精确解：用双曲正切函数法中的双曲正切函数换为Bernoulli方程的解的方法而给出KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto方程的精确解并用非线性电波方程为例说明了平衡数m和Bernoulli方程中非线性项的次数n有着多种选择的可能，它不但使我们能找到已知解而且也能找出新的根式孤立波解；用齐次平衡法给出一个曲面波方程的精确孤立波解，并提出直接用齐次平衡法寻找非线性发展方程的孤立波解、非孤立波解的方法，作为应用给出2+1维色散长波方程组等的定态解、孤立波解、非孤立波解等；用Symbolic-computation-basedMethod获得BLMP方程和2+1维破裂孤子方程的类孤子解；提出sine-Gordon型方程的直接求解方法，并获得sine-Gordon方程、双sine-Gordon方程、sinh-Gordon方程、MKdV-sine-Gordon方程和Born-Infeld方程等的精确孤立波解。

By using the transfer matrix method of multibody system, the hard problem of computation of the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS coupled with rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved which is very difficult to the ordinary dynamic methods, and the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS which is varied when the number of rockets in the launch device is varied, is obtained conveniently. By developing augmented eigenvectors of the LRMLRS and its orthogonality conditions, the nonorthogonality problem of the multibody system including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved and the exact analysis of the dynamics response of the LRMLRS including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is realized. By using the random integer programming method, the hard optimization problem which contains continuous variables, discrete variables and random variables at the same time is solved. This method provides a technology for optimum design with random variables and discrete variables. The dynamic optimum design is realized to decrease the number of rockets consumption in the LRMLRS test. The simulation system of dispersion of fire is established by using the maximum entropy method to estimate dispersion of fire.

通过应用多体系统传递矩阵法，解决了刚弹耦合远程多管火箭多体系统振动特性这一通常力学方法不便于解决的计算难题，方便地获得了远程多管火箭振动特性及其随发射架上火箭弹个数变化而变化的情况；通过构造增广特征矢量及其正交性条件，解决了刚弹耦合多体系统特征矢量不具有通常意义下的正交性的难题，实现了对刚弹耦合远程多管火箭动力响应的精确分析；应用随机整数规划法，解决了同时考虑连续、离散和随机变量等多种设计变量的优化设计难题，为含随机和离散变量的优化设计提供了手段，实现了减少远程多管火箭试验用弹量的动态优化设计；建立了应用最大熵法估计的密集度仿真系统，优化射序和射击间隔，实现了提高远程多管火箭射击密集度的动态优化。

Using characteristic description to define High-Tech fields is mainly expressed by the summary of design thought, material application,structure treatment and construction properteis. In the 1950s, Early High-Tech school focused mostly on technology application and standardization ; in the 1970s, they emphasized industrial techinic, mainly using industrialized steal profil, glass, plastic, metal sheet and tightwire of mass production to display industry succes. In 1990s, late High-Tech school proposes durable developpement concept, to pay attention to tract, to bring importat emation factor into conception, to improve energy using rate, to protect ecological environment, and to creat comfortable environment.

借助一些特征的描述来界定高技术的范畴，主要表现为设计的思想精神、对材料的运用、结构的处理及施工特点等方面的归纳和总结。20世纪50年代早期高技派集中在高技术的采用与构件的装配化、标准化；20世纪70年代强调表现工业技术，主要使用工业化批量生产的型钢、玻璃、塑料、金属板和钢索这些材料炫耀工业成就。20世纪90年代后新高技派，倡导可持续发展理念，注重场所地域性，更发挥情感在设计中的重要因素，用高技术来提高能源使用率，有效地保护生态环境，营造舒适宜人的环境。

"The operators will suffer a temporary decrease in the number of consumers and short message services as people may not like having to provide their ID cards for a phone number," Xu Junqi, vice-dean with the Policy-Making Institute of the Telecommunications Research Centre under MII, said yesterday.

信息产业部下属的通信决策研究院副主任徐俊其昨天说：&实行手机实名制后，人们可能不太情愿用身份证注册手机号，所以通信运营商会暂时面临用户减少和短信用户减少的问题。&

I don't believe in make-believe!

我不相信这些虚构的故事。