查询词典 spatial change

Analysis on UPCA model spatial sensitivityAgainst the situation that most urban CA model with no consideration of the spatial scale of data input, taking Changsha as the example, it analyzed the UPCA model spatial sensitivity, drew that the appropriate resolution and the neighborhood structure of Changsha area are respectively 30m and C-1 (taking a cell as radius circular neighborhood).

3UPCA模型的空间尺度敏感性分析针对目前大多城市CA模型在模拟城市空间形态演变时没有考虑输入数据的空间尺度影响，本研究论证UPCA模型模拟长沙市城市空间形态的空间尺度敏感性，得出了应用于长沙地区的适宜分辨率和邻域结构分别为30m和C-1(以一个元胞为半径的圆形邻域)，并基于此空间尺度获取了模型的最佳校验参数。

Then three candidate modulation schemes exploiting spatial dimensions are proposed. At last, the three modulation schemes are compared by power efficiency and bandwidth efficiency. It shows that spatial quadrature amplitude modulation scheme is appropriate for long distance wireless optical communications for its high bandwidth efficiency and spatial circular symmetry.

参照传统时域信号设计方案，提出了三种空间调制信号具体设计方案，并从带宽效率和功率效率两性能上进行了比较，结果表明正交幅度调制具有带宽效率高、功率效率低的特点，而且采用的信号点越多其带宽效率就越高，另外其空间信号图案还具有圆对称性，因此非常适合在空间带宽有限的远距离无线光通信中使用。

It is in urgent need to build a traffic accident information spatial-database based on GIS. The contents of a perfect traffic accident information spatial-database should include three parts, i.e. spatial-database, influential factors database and database of metadata and data dictionary. Its important application value is described. The data in the database are organized with the idea of layer-organization in GIS. The structure of each table and correlation in-between these tables are designed in detail. T...

笔者分析了建立基于GIS的交通事故信息空间数据库的紧迫性；探讨了完备的交通事故信息数据库的内容构成，认为应包括空间数据库、影响因素数据库以及元数据和数据字典库三大部分；研讨了交通事故空间数据库的重要应用价值，进而采用GIS的分层组织思想对交通事故信息空间数据库中的数据进行组织；详细设计了各个数据表以及数据表间的关系，建立了包含交通事故对象、人、车、路以及环境等要素的交通事故空间数据库，为交通事故研究提供完备的数据支持。

The main job and contribution of this paper are as follows:Based on narrowband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, compute the cross-correlation function of FH signals from multichannels, then we get the cross power spectral density matrixCSDM Secondly, select the hops of FH signals from the CSDM via processing and analyzing the CSDM, meanwhile reduce the influence coming from noise, fixed frequency signal and other interferences; Lastly, estimating the DOA of every hop and according to the DOA, we can separate the hops, get the number of FH signals and their parameters. Propose a new method for designing the threshold in FH signal detection. This method makes it easy to get the threshold by theoretic computing and it can extremely reduce the interference of non-FH signals.Based on broadband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, get the DOA of the signals by wideband spatial spectrum estimation; secondly, separate the signals by spatial filtering using wideband beamformer; Lastly, we propose two methods for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation, one is for several constant hop-rate FH signals whose dwell-time are different and another is for a single FH signal whose hop-rate is alterable.By employing spatial interpolation in broadband signal beamforming, it can reduce the number of antenna elements and corresponding RF modules, A/D converters, etc. It can also eliminate the mutual coupling between antenna elements while getting the narrower main beamwidth and lower sidelobe level.

本文的主要研究工作和贡献如下：●提出了一种基于窄带处理的FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先求出多路信号之间的互相关，进而得到互功率谱密度矩阵，然后通过对CSDM进行对折处理来抑制噪声、定频信号及其他干扰的影响，并将所有属于FH信号的hop(每一跳的驻留时间在时频图上持续的线段)从CSDM中筛选出来，最后用阵列信号处理中的到达方向估计理论在频域中估计出各个hop的方向参数，利用方位信息完成FH信号分离并得到FH信号的数目及其各自的参数集；●提出了一种确定FH信号检测门限的策略，该策略不仅使得检测门限能够通过理论计算得到，而且还显著地抑制了非跳频信号的干扰，从而能有效地检测出FH信号；●提出了一种基于宽带处理的短波FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先利用宽带空间谱测向技术得到接收信号的DOA，然后采用宽带波束形成技术对特定方向进行空间滤波，实现多个信号的分离，最后分别提出了两种FH信号的盲检测和参数盲估计方法，第一种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上存在着几个驻留时间不同的恒跳速FH信号和其他干扰信号的混合信号，第二种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上仅含一个可变跳速的FH信号和噪声的混合信号；●将空间插值的概念和宽带波束形成技术结合起来，提出了一种基于频域处理的宽带恒定束宽的波束形成方法。

Earthworks zero line is determined by constructing the spatial gridding curved surface model of the original terrain and the field leveling design terrain by digital elevation mode. The DEM data of original terrain are obtained by actual measurement. The mathematical correlation is deducted to demonstrate the relationship between the coordinates of any point on spatial line and the direction cosine by the spatial linear equation. DEM data obtaining program is compiled by Fortran9.0 and it is applied automatically to obtain the DEM data of field leveling design terrain.

目的 利用数字高程模型(digital elevation model， DEM)构造原始地形和场平设计地形的空间网格曲面模型，确定土方工程中的零线方法通过实测提取原始地形DEM数据；依据空间直线方程，推导空间线段土任意点的坐标与方向余弦的数学关系式，采用Fortran90程序设计语言编写DEM数据提取程序，自动提取场平设计地形DEM数据；应用Surfers8.0和MapInfo软件构造规则的网格空间曲面模型并导出网格节，点数据；擦除场平设计范围外数据。

Telecommunication and computer science are deeply changing human society. They are altering our cities, influencing urban life patterns, spatial functions, spatial forms and spatial structures. Both geographical space and virtual space act as carriers of economic, cultural and social activities of urban residents. Therefore, we have to do research on their relationship of coincidence, interaction and interlacement.

分析了城市在地理空间、网络空间上存在的相互依赖关系以及这二者之间复杂作用关系，说明网络空间并非地理上城市空间功能的简单延伸，也并非现实空间的简单镜像；信息社会的城市空间是一种地理空间与网络空间相互依存、相互交织的复合式空间。

With its predominance in opening and laconically spatial data expressing, GML wins eminence both in spatial data saving and conversing, and in spatial interoperation.

GML开放而又简洁的空间数据表达的优势，使得它不仅在空间数据的存储与转换方面表现出众，而且在空间互操作方面也极具特色。

Based on the analysis of Moran scatter plot and spatial lag regression models,it put forward that the spatial statistical analysis could draw some reference value for analyzing spatial structure and pattern and policy-making.

本文借助于Geoda 095 i软件首先通过对2006年第一季度河南省各市GDP增长速度的空间相关性分析，得出河南省各市经济发展之间的空间相互作用以及各个区域内的空间结构特征

Maximum likelihood estimation of spatial lag and spatial error regression modes, some specification tests for spatial autocorrelation and optimization methods for ML are also set forth in this section.

在标准回归模型中可以以两种截然不同的方式来合并空间相关：一是将空间相关表示为因变量的一个空间滞后，二是将空间相关表示为一个误差项的空间自回归结构。

The pupae showed intense spatial aggregation in the studied woodland, 11.1m spatial dependence and 90.7% intensity of local spatial continuity were found, the population presented intensive spotted distribution, and many aggregated spots were found in the whole woodland.

沙棘木蠹蛾蛹的种群呈现较明显的空间聚集状态，空间依赖范围大小为11.1m，局部空间连续性强度为90.7%，呈现较明显的斑块状分布，在整个区域内有很多聚集点。

The system can be widely used in belt weighing and batching process control,etc.

介绍了基于智能模糊控制的嵌入式配料系统的设计方法，对模糊PID控制过程和系统调零作了重点的讨论，同时给出了PID控制的程序流程图和系统定长调零子程序。

"I dunno," she answered,"but if you show me aroun', I'll recognize it from the lighthouse just outside the porthole."

"我不知道，"她回答说，"如果你能带我转转，我能认出来的，因为灯塔就在舷窗外。"