查询词典 spatial change

In general, the methods to percept and evaluate accessibility can be categorized into three: spatial separation, opportunity agglomeration, and spatial interaction.

对空间可达性的认识及测算方法总体上分为三种类型：空间阻隔、机会累积和空间相互作用。

In part two, the optical spatiotemporal pattern in ring optic cavity is investigated. Using delay feedback with spatial perturbation method, the system shows roll, square, hexagon, homocentric circle,"honeycomb"and"snowflower" pattern with different spatial perturbation functions. Different patterns can be coexist and compete each other with the same perturbation function, which is the new character of this optical system with delay feedback.

第二部分，利用延时反馈的空间微扰方法研究了环形腔中二能级介质的光学时空斑图的控制，在不同的微扰函数作用下，出现了滚筒状、四方形、六角形、蜂窝状、同心圆以及"雪花"状等不同的斑图，并且在相同的微扰函数下出现了不同斑图之间的竞争，这种竞争是我们发现的这一具有空间微扰的延时反馈非线性光学系统光学斑图的新特征。

This paper designs the architecture of this platform. According to the scale of ocean spatial data in the platform, it presents two organizing spatial data model-data file model and relational database model, and gives each of them storage mechanism accordingly.

论文设计了海洋空间信息服务平台的体系结构，根据平台中海洋空间数据的规模，提出了两种空间数据存储模式，即数据文件集模式和关系数据库模式，并分别给出了相应的存取机制。

Then the spatial index is constructed which includes not only the external approximate expression but also interior approximate expression of spatial object and is extended from tranditional index only with external approximate expression. The index structures of MR-tree and MRD-tree based on multi-approximate expression are set up with the prototype index of R-tree, and the relevant algorithms about the index of insertion, deletion and search are provided. Then, the efficiencies of constructing index based on the multi-approximate expression and window range query are analysised and compared. In addition, the several algorithms and efficiency of soving the maximum enclosed circle and maximum enclosed rectangle are discussed and analyzed during constructing index based on multi-approximate expression.

首先，论文讨论了空间数据的特点、空间数据库的关键技术以及空间对象间的拓扑、距离以及方向关系，分析了空间对象的外部和内部近似表达，然后将传统索引中只利用空间对象的外部近似扩展为既有空间对象的外部近似又有空间对象的内部近似，即以空间对象的多重近似来构建索引，并以R-tree为索引原型构建基于多重近似的MR-tree和MRD-tree索引结构，然后给出了相关索引的插入、删除及查找算法，并通过实验比较分析了基于多重近似索引与基于外部近似索引的构建效率及窗口范围查询效率。

In order to characterize the spatial characteristics at different scale, different theoretical model coefficient we defined to create the Kriging map and the rational number of sampling impendent from each other at different spatial scale.

变异函数结构分析显示，土壤机械组成的空间变异在各方向上具有不同变率，但均可通过线性变换而转换为各向同性的统一结构，属于几何各向异性结构；不同观测尺度上有着不同的空间结构特征，对不同空间结构的区域化变量确定了不同的理论模型参数，并绘制克立格图，给出不同观测尺度下满足独立取样的合理取样数目。

The model of the thesis s forecasting method is synthetical use of experience model method and mine-reserach information adding power model method of mineral resources assessment based on GIS. It use several kinds of analysis means for multi-sources data. Firstly the gold-research prospective domains of this area are forecasted through the spatial query and ana-lysis by means of GIS,based on geological and mineral information of thearea, synthesizing geochemistry anomaly information. Gridding inserting value transforms geochemistry data of sampling point of the south of Acixiarega from scattering data to grid data by means of the development of Delphi and Mapobjects, using distance reciprocal inserting value method. After deposit orientation analyse and spatial overlapping analysis by means of CIS, the gold-research prospective domains of the area are forecasted.

本文所建立的预测方法模型是基于GIS矿产资源评价方法的经验模型法及找矿信息加权模型法的综合使用，对多源数据采用多种分析手段，先以研究区1：5万区域地质资料和矿产资料为基础，综合地球化学异常资料，通过Mapgis的空间检索与分析，做出全区成矿有利区分布图；而阿次夏热嘎南部地区离散的采样点的地球化学数据，是采用面向对象编程语言Dephi与GIS控件Mapobjects为开发工具，运用距离倒数插值法进行插值网格化，从而将离散的数据转换为栅格型数据，矿床定位分析、GIS空间迭加分析，预测出该地区成矿有利区。

The input method of multi-scale data and three levels data index are investigated, a new own idea about how to represent multi-scale seamless data is advanced. The viewpoints that seamless GIS is looked on surface of globe reference ellipsoid as spatial information positioning standard and looked on geographic coordinates as reference of spatial data storage are explored, and based on reference ellipsoid surface coordinate, the measurement model of distance, azimuth angle and area are given.(4) The flowchart of data production of seamless GIS is analyzed, on the basis of the program algorithm and the interactive processing of feature adjoining relation, the data production method of seamless GIS is discussed.

研究了无缝GIS多格式、多比例尺空间数据入库的模式，创新性地提出了用数据中间件模式解决GIS多源空间数据无缝集成的新方法，研究了多比例尺数据入库的方法和三级索引机制，并对无缝GIS数据的多尺度表示提出了自己的看法；阐述了无缝GIS以地球椭球面为空间信息定位的参考面、以地理坐标进行空间数据存储的观点，并给出了在椭球坐标系下的距离、方位角和面积度量模型。

In order to study the regularity of soil salt accumulation in plough layer caused by groundwater in the Yellow River Delta, GIS and the fundamentals and methods of geostatistics were applied to regionalize the study area based on the spatial distribution pattern of groundwater table and the criteria of critical water table. And for each sub-region, quantitative analysis was performed between groundwater mineralization and soil salt accumulation in plough layer at the spatial scale.

为研究黄河三角洲地区地下水作用条件下耕层土壤的积盐规律，运用GIS和地统计学的原理与方法，结合地下水埋深的空间分布以及临界埋深的划分标准对研究区域进行分区，并从空间尺度对各分区地下水矿化度与耕层土壤积盐规律进行了定量分析。

Therefore, when the grid technique or the district was applied to regionalize spatial scale, individual soil profile are needed more to reduce uncertainties of the estimate of soil organic matter in the grid or the district with spatial scale up, but the uncertainties are smaller when using soil organic matter content in wellestimate gird or district to estimate the grid or district without available data by extrapolation.

因此，采用网格法或行政区划分空间区域，获得空间区域单元内土壤有机质含量或贮量的精确估算需要较多的剖面，但外推至数据不足的空间区域时，估算的不确定较小；采用土壤分类单元为空间区域单元，结果则相反。

The rate of spatial variability of available N, available K, total N, total P, total K content and pH value in 2007 were all less than 20%, and their area rate of relative uniformity were 100%. The rate of spatial variability of available P and organic matter were large than 20%, and their area rate of relative uniformity were individually 91.34% and 95.70%, which large than 80%.

结果表明，2006年试验地中碱解氮、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质含量和pH值的空间变异程度都小于20%，相对均匀面积比都为100%，速效磷和速效钾的空间变异程度大于20%，但相对均匀面积比分别为82.18%和94.99%，都大于80%。2007年试验地中碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾含量和pH值的空间变异程度都小于20%，相对均匀面积比都为100%，速效磷和有机质的空间变异程度大于20%，但相对均匀面积比分别为91.34%和95.70%，都大于80%。

It's not quite as simple as that.

并没有那么容易。

It debuted in 1992 in Japan and the United Kingdom, and 1993 in the United States.

它首次亮相于1992年在日本和英国，在美国1993年。