查询词典 spalled

The scale formed on pure Ti is exclusively TiO2 regardless of temperature, while the scales formed onTi3Al and Ti3Al+TiAl were duplex and always spalled after cooling, consisting of the outer-layer of most TiO2 and the inner-layer of most TiO2, Al2O3, and minor Ti(subscript 1-x)S. The formation of Al2O3 is responsible for the reduction in the corrosion rates of Ti-Al alloys as compared to those of pure Ti.

纯Ti在800～1000℃的腐蚀生成物皆是TiO2，而Ti3Al和Ti3Al+TiAl则形成两层易剥落的腐蚀物，包括外层的TiO2，及内层多量TiO2和少量的Al2O3和微量的Ti(下标 1-x)S，其中，Al2O3的生成是造成Ti3Al和Ti3Al+TiAl合金腐蚀速率较纯Ti为低的主因。

The outer layer (Fe2O3) had a weak adhesion to the intermediate layer (Fe3O4) and easily spalled during cooling from oxidation temperature to room temperature.

最外层Fe2O3与次外层Fe3O4间出现很大的裂隙，Fe2O3层容易剥落。

A layer of strip steel was found abrasion-welded to the surface of the spalled fragment and a 0.06mm thin layer of untempered martensitic structure was observed on the surface of the roll just beneath the welded strip.

在剥落块的表面上粘结着带钢，在带钢下的轧辊表面上观察到一层厚度约0.06mm未经回火的马氏体组织，此层下面还有一个具有低硬度的回火马氏体区域，晶间显微裂纹就从此两区域之间发生，然后垂直地向里向外扩展。

Through above numerical analysis of the TiN coating/substrate system, some typical rules about the fatigue failure are found:(1) the fatigue damage of a coating/substrate system appears first on the interface, then expands along the interface and to the substrate, and finally causes the coatings broken and spalled;(2) under the cyclic loadings of tangential sliding and radial extrusion, the equivalent plastic damage on the interface is mainly generated by the shear stress and the accumulated plastic contributed by the increments of shear stress. Thus the change of the shear stress is the main factor for the contact fatigue damages of coating/substrate system;(3) the frictional coefficient, external loading and coating thickness have some influence on the carrying capacity and contact fatigue life for a coating/substrate system.

通过对TiN涂层／基体系统的数值模拟分析，得到了涂层／基体系统疲劳失效的一些典型规律：(1)、涂层基体的初始损伤首先出现在交界面处，然后沿界面并向基体中扩展，最后导致涂层断裂而发生剥落失效；(2)、在切向滑动和径向挤压循环载荷作用下，交界面处的塑性损伤主要是由剪应力τ产生，塑性累积也是由于△τ的变化引起，说明循环过程中剪应力变化是影响涂层接触疲劳破坏的主要因素；(3)、材料摩擦系数、外界载荷大小以及涂层厚度都对涂层／基体系统的承载能力以及疲劳寿命都有一定影响。

Only the protective concrete cover in the area had spalled off. The concrete confined inside the 5-spirals had generally remained in good condition.

另一方面，五螺箍RC柱於塑铰区发挥良好之韧性，五螺箍所围束之混凝土大致保持完好，混凝土保护层并无严重剥落之情形，且主筋亦无明显的挫屈现象，箍筋亦未发生断裂。

One dimensional shockwave code SSS was adapted to simulate the number density andporosity of incipient spalled OFHC Cu and pure Cu sample at the range of 10~4-10~5s~(-1). TheNAG model coefficients were acquired, the nucleation coefficient was sensitive with thepurity of sample.

采用一维冲击波程序SSS结合SRI-DFRACT模型模拟10~4-10~5s~(-1)加载应变率范围内无氧铜和工业纯铜中微孔洞数密度和孔隙度分布，由微孔洞分布相关参数与应变率的关系，确定了～10~5s~(-1)应变率下NAG模型参数，发现成核速率与材料纯度有关。

It was found in a high-rise building structure after fire that large-area concrete spalled at the bottom of slabs reinforced with low-alloy deformed steel bars. Temperature field of slabs during fire was determined by the ultrasonic-rebound combined method, and post-fire mechanical performance of concrete and steel bars were inspected by drilled cores and intercepted steel bars respectively.

针对某高层建筑结构低合金盘圆变形钢筋混凝土楼板火灾后板底混凝土大面积脱落的情况，现场采用超声回弹综合法确定楼板温度场，钻取芯样测试火灾后混凝土强度，截取钢筋试件通过拉伸试验检测火灾后钢筋力学性能。

Shapes of microvoids in OFHC Cu and pure Cuare in difference. OFHC Cu target spalled under electric gun driven driven two stage metalflyer impact loading, the velocity profiles of rear surface were measured by VISAR. The spallstrength and debris size are according with the reported data and wave propagation law.

纯度不同的铜中微孔洞分布形貌存在差异，同时开展了电炮驱动二级飞片撞击无氧铜靶层裂实验，采用VISAR测量靶后自由面速度历史，测量的层裂强度和层裂片厚度与文献公布规律和冲击波传播规律基本符合。

Exploring the rule of nucleation coefficients will be a possible wayapproach microvoids nucleation mechanism. OFHC Cu and pure Cu incipient spalled under～10~5s~(-1)strain rates electric gun driven twostage flyer impacts loading.

极高应变率下Cu、Al中微孔洞分布均表现为成核规律相关参数与应变率有关，探求不同应变率、不同材料参数加载下，NAG模型参数的变化规律是研究微孔洞成核机理和规律的可行方法。

Granular corrosion products, surface corrosion pits, cracked and spalled passivation films are observed. The size of the corrosion pits is around several tens to several hundred nm in depth. After long testing time, lots of granular corrosion products ranging 200 to 300 nm in diameter are observed on the surface.

由即时撷取之不锈钢表面形貌影像发现，试片表面之平均粗糙度随著浸泡腐蚀时间增加而变大；试片表面之钝化膜亦被侵蚀破裂，试片表面之各种大小形态蚀孔亦能完整观察，蚀孔之深度自数十奈米至数百奈米不等。420SS於长时间浸泡腐蚀之后，表面生成直径约200至300奈米之颗粒状腐蚀生成物。

Continuously improve the production mechanism, to provide customers with better quality products and services.

不断的完善生产机制，给客户提供更优质的产品及服务。

B:Yes, he was the very prize-winner in the court tennis ten years ago?

是的，他是十年前的世界网球冠军。