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This review focuses on the current research progress of the liver cell differentiation source, and it also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various hepatic stem cells and nonhepatic stem cells, expecting to provide a reference for liver cell source selection during tissue engineering, an adequate and suitable source for bioartificial liver and hepatocyte transplantation and to help to treat liver diseases.

本文着重论述了目前肝脏细胞的分化来源研究进展情况，并对各种肝源性和非肝源性干细胞的优缺点进行了讨论，以期为肝组织工程选择细胞来源提供参考，为生物人工肝、肝细胞移植提供充足、合适的细胞来源，协助治疗肝脏疾病。

In order to identify the disputed oil source in Suaiqo-Wen'an region, Baxian sag, Jizhong depression, on the basis of source rock evaluation and oil-to-source correlation in this region, we recognized the typical Palaeogene oil and Carboniferous-Permian oil viz. two-ends oil, and established effective identification index from detailed analysis of biological marker, separation of nitrogen containing compound, stable carbon isotope and also make reference to the foreign studies on coal derived oil.

针对长期以来冀中坳陷坝县凹陷苏桥-文安地区存在的原油来源争议的问题，在对本区烃源层评价认识和油源对比的基础上，运用生物标志物精细检定、含氮化合物的分离检定、稳定碳同位素分析等技术手段，并结合国内外煤成油的研究成果，划分出了坝县凹陷典型的下第三系原油和石炭-二叠系原油，即两类端元油，并提出了有效的判识指标。

Adopting intumescent flame retardant that uses ammonium phosphate as acid source, melamine as gas source, pentaerythrite as carbon source to treat cotton fabric.

采用聚磷酸按为酸源、三聚氰胺为气源、季戊四醇为碳源的膨胀型阻燃剂对棉织物进行整理。

In the meantime, Ingersoll and plass Kelvin line source in accordance with the concept of the underground pipe line heat source heat exchanger theory, but at that time because of low energy prices, high system costs, has not been widely applied. 70 era, the oil crisis put people's attention to the energy-saving, cost-effective use of energy, so that the development of ground-source heat pump into the climax stage, when the underground pipe from an early plastic pipes replaced by the amount of possession.

在此期间，Ingersoll和Plass根据Kelvin线源概念提出了地下埋管换热器的线热源理论，但当时由于能源价格低，系统造价高，没有得到广泛应用。70年代，石油危机把人们的注意力集中到节能、高效益使用能源，使地源热泵的发展进入了高潮阶段，此时地下埋管已由早期的金额管改为塑料管。

Four aspects of research achievements include:(1)several imaging correction methods and strained estimation methods for biological tissues elasticity imaging were investigated as well as elasticity reconstruction and phantom, in vitro and in vivo elasticity imaging experiments;(2)in the fields of biological microsystem and perfusion evaluation for microvascular system, three kinds of microbubbles whose shell are albumin, sugar ester and surfactant respectively were designed and produced, then the methods to estimate the thickness of their shells were presented, moreover, the interacting mechanism of ultrasound contrast agents and tissues, as well as protein drug delivery under the condition of ultrasound sonification were studied in the molecular level;(3) At the aspect of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy system, we designed and constructed the 256-element HIFU transducers using 1-3 composite materials. And furthermore we developed the integrated HIFU system with 256-element HIFU transducers. And we made preliminary and important progresses in the research of HIFU bioeffect, lesion estimation, techniques of monitoring and imaging and characterizing of structure of HIFU transducer;(4)The real-time method of voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation of physiological parameters was investigated in the field of medical rehabilitation. We addressed the physiology and biophysics of vocalization, modeled voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation mechanism, and put forward an integrated evaluation about the speech rehabilitation and the regenerated voice source; Sixty-one archived journal papers were published, as well as ten in international journals, and eighteen publications were embodied by SCI.

成果包括：（1）在生物组织弹性成像方面，研究了多种图像校正方法和应变估计方法，进行了弹性重构和仿体、离体及在体超声弹性成像实验研究；（2）在生物微系统和微血管血流灌注成像方面，制备了三种不同包膜超声造影微泡，研究了纳米包膜厚度检测与估计方法以及不同纳米包膜造影微泡断裂与药物释放机制，并在分子层次上开展了超声与生物组织相互作用机制以及蛋白质药物超声乳化微囊包裹的研究；（3）在阵列式高强聚焦超声治疗与监控成像技术方面，设计制作了新的HIFU换能器，解决了256阵元单焦点和多焦点合成HIFU治疗系统关键技术问题，并在HIFU生物效应与创伤性评价方法、HIFU过程监控成像技术和薄层复合结构与HIFU 换能器界面特性评价等方面的研究取得了初步而重要的进展，具有重要应用前景；（4）在语音听觉系统特别是嗓音康复方面，研究了基于发声系统补偿调节机制的实时多模式嗓音源再生方法和发声生理，建立基于神经、肌肉和空气动力系统的综合补偿调节模型，提出了相应的评价系统。

Four aspects of research achievements include:(1)several imaging correction methods and strained estimation methods for biological tissues elasticity imaging were investigated as well as elasticity reconstruction and phantom, in vitro and in vivo elasticity imaging experiments;(2)in the fields of biological microsystem and perfusion evaluation for microvascular system, three kinds of microbubbles whose shell are albumin, sugar ester and surfactant respectively were designed and produced, then the methods to estimate the thickness of their shells were presented, moreover, the interacting mechanism of ultrasound contrast agents and tissues, as well as protein drug delivery under the condition of ultrasound sonification were studied in the molecular level;(3) At the aspect of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy system, we designed and constructed the 256-element HIFU transducers using 1-3 composite materials. And furthermore we developed the integrated HIFU system with 256-element HIFU transducers. And we made preliminary and important progresses in the research of HIFU bioeffect, lesion estimation, techniques of monitoring and imaging and characterizing of structure of HIFU transducer;(4)The real-time method of voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation of physiological parameters was investigated in the field of medical rehabilitation. We addressed the physiology and biophysics of vocalization, modeled voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation mechanism, and put forward an integrated evaluation about the speech rehabilitation and the regenerated voice source; Sixty-one archived journal papers were published, as well as ten in international journals, and eighteen publications were embodied by SCI.

中文摘要：成果包括：（1）在生物组织弹性成像方面，研究了多种图像校正方法和应变估计方法，进行了弹性重构和仿体、离体及在体超声弹性成像实验研究；（2）在生物微系统和微血管血流灌注成像方面，制备了三种不同包膜超声造影微泡，研究了纳米包膜厚度检测与估计方法以及不同纳米包膜造影微泡断裂与药物释放机制，并在分子层次上开展了超声与生物组织相互作用机制以及蛋白质药物超声乳化微囊包裹的研究；（3）在阵列式高强聚焦超声治疗与监控成像技术方面，设计制作了新的HIFU换能器，解决了256阵元单焦点和多焦点合成HIFU治疗系统关键技术问题，并在HIFU生物效应与创伤性评价方法、HIFU过程监控成像技术和薄层复合结构与HIFU 换能器界面特性评价等方面的研究取得了初步而重要的进展，具有重要应用前景；（4）在语音听觉系统特别是嗓音康复方面，研究了基于发声系统补偿调节机制的实时多模式嗓音源再生方法和发声生理，建立基于神经、肌肉和空气动力系统的综合补偿调节模型，提出了相应的评价系统。

In this system, the wavelength of the narrow-bandwidth optical source from the Fabry-Perot tunable filter and broadband source could be adjusted by the digital signal processor after the operating point is changed. Moreover, the influence of the factors such as the instability of the light source and the slowly unaccelerated aging of the system, can be eliminated or decreased by the auto-calibration method based on the software.

该系统利用数字信号处理器控制可调珐珀滤波器自动输出波长满足工作点要求的窄带光，同时还通过软件校准的办法消除了因光源的不稳定、系统老化等缓变因素引起的信号波动对测量结果的影响。

Mainly based on the analytic data of dark mudstone on the outcrop sections, combined with the geochemical data from core samples of hydrocarbon source rocks, the trace geochemistry of mudstone is discussed in detail and the sedimentary environment of the source rocks is analysed by unsing the organic carbon content, organic matter types and saturated hydrocarbon chromatogram parameters of the source rocks.

以地表剖面暗色泥岩的分析资料为主，结合部分井下烃源岩样品分析数据，详细探讨了泥岩的微量元素地球化学特征，利用不同岩类烃源岩有机碳含量、有机质类型及饱和烃气相色谱等特征对烃源岩的沉积环境进行了分析。

When entering the 当进入 http://labs.ispazio.net address, it started refreshing, but returned with the error "Could not refresh source" and a Uncategorized source was created, title Untiled Source with the address below it.

地址，开始令人耳目一新，但传回的错误&无法刷新源&和庆源创建，标题Untiled源的地址下面。

According to the information of mobile sensor nodes and the range data by apperceiving the target,in the method,the position of the target can be calculated.Then the tracked orientation of every source node can be located according to the position of source nodes and target nodes,so the target can be tracked by source nodes based on these orientation.

利用测距定位的移动追踪方法，根据移动传感器信源节点的信息及感知目标所得的测距数据，推算出目标的位置，由信源节点与目标节点的位置分别确定各个信源节点的追踪方向，使移动传感器信源节点沿该方向追踪目标。

Pachomius manual labour was organized as an essential part of the monastic life; and since it is a principle of the monks as distinguished from the mendicants, that the body shall be self-supporting, external work of one sort or another has been an inevitable part of the life ever since.

根据圣pachomius体力劳动组织作为一个重要组成部分寺院生活；以来，这是一个原则的和尚，作为有别于乞丐，该机构应自支撑，对外工作的这种或那种已一个必然的一部分，生活至今。

In order to study the effects of parametrical rolling on the ship movement and tilts, in allusion to ship's navigating in regular following waves, the equation of ship rolling motion is transformed into normal Mathieu equation by proper variable replacement when strong parametrical excitation in restoring moment varied according to sine or cosine wave.

为研究参数横摇对船舶运动和倾覆的影响，通过对船在规则波上随浪航行时，恢复力矩中出现的1个以正余弦规律变化的强参数激励项进行适当的变量置换，将船舶的横摇运动方程转换成标准形式的Mathieu方程。