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Tinman dsRNA even caused visceral mesoderm defects and the somatic muscles disruption, yet wingless dsRNA only affected heart precursors and had no effect on visceral mesoderm and somatic muscles, indicationg that the heart-related genes dsRNA interference worked effectively and exclusively in Drosphila

尤其是tinman基因的dsRNA，还引起了肠中胚层缺失和体壁肌肉组织的紊乱，而wingless基因的dsRNA却只影响心脏的形成，而不影响肠中胚层，说明dsRNA干扰具有非常强的特异性，因而不失为研究果蝇心脏发育基因功能的有效方法。

In this exper iment,we took the advantage of RNAi technique,microinjected tinman and singless dsRNA into the early embryos in Drosophila respectively and got these two genes' RNAi phenotypes,which were very similar to that of their mutant,showing heart tube defects or no heart precursors formation.tinman dsRNA eve caused visceral mesoderm defects and the somatic muscles disruption,yet wingless dsRNA only affected heart precursors and had no effect on visceral mesoderm and somatic muscles,indicationg that the heart-related genes dsRNA interference worked effectively and exclusively in Drosophila.

实验运用RNAi技术，分别将tinman和wingless的dsRNA注入果蝇的早期胚胎，得到了这两个基因的dsRNA干扰表型，与两个基因的突变体表型非常相似，都表现为果蝇心脏前体细胞不能形成或心脏管缺失。尤其是tinman基因的dsRNA，还引起了肠中胚层缺失和体壁肌肉组织的紊乱，而wingless基因的dsRNA却只影响心脏的形成，而不影响肠中胚层，说明dsRNA干扰具有非常强的特异性，因而不失为研究果蝇心脏发育基因功能的有效方法。

The medium-Nitsch basic medium with 1umol/L 2, 4-D was suitable for the growth of somatic cells. The trimness degree of somatic embryogenesis was more improved after the treatments of cells to be sifted with 1mm diameter screen in 4 days of subculture.

胚性细胞团悬浮培养最适培养基为ND培养基，在继代后4天将细胞团经孔径1mm的钢质筛网多次过滤处理，可以使体细胞胚胎发生的整齐度大大增强。

Inconclution, for produce Aesculus hippocastanum L in a mass, we should induce secondary somatic embryos with integral somatic embryos, the suitable culture medium is MS+KT 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L or MS+ZT 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L.

综合上述研究结果，为大规模生产欧洲七叶树，以完整的体细胞胚诱导次生胚效果最好，合适的培养基为MS+KT 0.1mg／L+NAA 0.01 mg／L或MS+ZT 0.1mg／L+NAA 0.01 mg／L。

The medium of 1/2MS+ 0.4mg/L NAA +0,2mg/L IBA was used for rooting, and the rooting rate was 75%. The origin and development of somatic embryos was observed by histological method. It was found that the somatic embryos of Aesculus hippocastanum L were developed from single cell.

通过组织细胞学方法研究体细胞胚的起源与发生部位，发现欧洲七叶树体细胞胚为单细胞起源，外植体的表面及内部都可以发生体细胞胚。

Institute of Genetics,Fudan University,ShanghaiThe C-banding and BrdUrd-Hoechst-Giemsa replication pattern in somatic chromosomes in Bufo bufo gargarizans and sister chromatid differential staining technique of the somatic cells in Amphibia are presented in this article.

本文报道了中华大蟾蜍的C带和BrdUrd-Hoechst-Giemsa复制带，并以中华大蟾蜍为代表确立了两栖类体细胞的姐妹染色单体差别染色方法。

C Cotyledonary somatic embryos had more morphological variation than zygotic ones. We achieved somatic embryogenesis of Manchurian ash for the first time.

体细胞胚与合子胚的发生程序基本相同，都经历了原胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚这几个典型发育时期。

The expression profiles analysis of 25 genes belonging to 8 types in different development periods of Y35 somatic embry showed, genes involved in transcription, signal transduction, cell fate, substance transport, cell and development regulation were active at early and middle stages of somatic embryogenesis, while at the stage of cotyledonary embryo maturation, the high level-expressed genes were mainly those related to storage protein, maturation and defense.

通过半定量和Real-Time PCR技术，对WRKY和MAPKK等8类25个差异表达基因在Y35体细胞胚不同发育时期的表达分析显示，转录、信号转导、细胞生长分裂、细胞命运、物质转运和多数发育调节相关基因在体细胞胚胎发生的早期或中期比较活跃，而进入子叶胚成熟后期则主要是储藏蛋白、成熟和防御相关基因大量表达。

The D-loop region was found to be a hot spot for somatic mutation in mtDNA of the tumors. The results revealed that 45.7 %(16/35) of the HCCs carried somatic mutation in the D-loop region, and the most mutations are homoplasmy.

过去的研究显示：粒线体DNA D-loop 区域是发生体突变的好发点，本论文的结果显示有45.7 %(16/35) HCC含有D-loop 区域体突变且多为同质性。

The frequency of somatic embryogenesis was less than 20%, which showed that somatic embryogenesis of Medicago truncatula is genotype-dependent.

由胚性愈伤诱导体胚的发生率低于20%，表明品种的基因型在很大程度上影响Medcago truncatula体胚的发生率。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。