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The nucleotide sequences of the PAP gene and PAPⅡ gene in the root of Phytolacca americana were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and PCR. The gene comprises 942bp and 933bp respectively, encoding 313 amino acids and 310 amino acids. When PAP gene and PAPⅡ gene sequences in the root were compared with those in the spring leaves and summer ones, the highest similarity 100% and 99. 8% were observed respectively. They both had one open reading frame . Analysis of the two sequences showed, in fact, they belonged to one species.

以美洲商陆根为材料，提取其总RNA、反转录，用一对PAP基因的特异性引物和一对PAPⅡ的特异性引物，分别对反转录产物进行PCR扩增，将扩增的目的片段进行序列分析，结果扩增出来的PAP基因与已经报道的序列完全相同，扩增出来的PAPⅡ基因与已经报道的序列同源性也在99.8％，而且它们都各自编码一个开放阅读框架，可以说美洲商陆根中肯定存在PAP和PAPⅡ基因，并已经转录。

The nucleotide sequences of the PAP gene and PAPII gene in the root of Phytolacca americana were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and PCR. The gene comprises 942bp and 933bp respectively, encoding 313 amino acids and 310 amino acids. When PAP gene and PAPII gene sequences in the root were compared with those in the spring leaves and summer ones, the highest similarity 100% and 99.8% were observed respectively. They both had one open reading frame. Analysis of the two sequences showed, in fact, they belonged to one species.

以美洲商陆根为材料，提取其总RNA、反转录，用一对PAP基因的特异性引物和一对PAPⅡ的特异性引物，分别对反转录产物进行PCR扩增，将扩增的目的片段进行序列分析，结果扩增出来的PAP基因与已经报道的序列完全相同，扩增出来的PAPⅡ基因与已经报道的序列同源性也在99.8％，而且它们都各自编码一个开放阅读框架，可以说美洲商陆根中肯定存在PAP和PAPⅡ基因，并已经转录。

Piliferous layer The region of the root epidermis that gives rise to the root hairs.

根毛层：指根表皮产生根毛的区域。

Catenin was detected in suprabasal, epidermal basal layer, placode, hair bud in early phase(E68～93),and expressed strongly in epidermal basal layer, placode, and hair bud, in suprabasal expressed less strongly; in metaphase(E94～184),β-catenin was detected in epidermis, hair peg, and in suprabasal, epidermal basal layer, hair follicle bulge, inner root sheath, outer root sheath, follicular infundibulum expressed less strongly; in late phase(E184～225),β-catenin expressed weakly in epidermal basal layers, while expressed strongly in epidermal keratinocytes.

结果显示：β-catenin在胎牛蹄边缘毛囊形态发生早期(68～93天)表达于表皮、基底层、基板和毛芽中，其中基底层、基板、毛芽中呈强阳性，表皮中呈中阳性；在毛囊形态发生中期(94～184天)表达于基底层、表皮和毛钉中，其中基底层、表皮、隆突区、内外根鞘和漏斗部呈中阳性；在毛囊形态发生晚期(184～225天)只在表皮及基底层有表达，其中基底层呈弱阳性，表皮呈强阳性。

The effect in the shoot is caused by the increased influx, mediated by HKT1;1, of Na+ into stelar root cells, which is demonstrated in planta and leads to a reduction of root-to-shoot transfer of Na+.

本研究介绍了拟南芥成熟根部Na+运输体HKT1；1的表达降低了37%到60%Na+在芽部的累积量，HKT1；1在成熟根部专一性的表达是通过增强子诱导表达系统过量表达来实现的。

This conclusion is based on three groups of experiments with detached root tips of wheat seedlings: By following the time course changes of NO synthase , superoxide synthase and ABA accumulation under dehydration stress, we found that ABA accumulation was preceeded by the changes of NOS and superoxide synthase. ABA accumulation induced by dehydtrion stress and osmotic stress can be blocked by NO scanvegers and NOS inhibitors, while only dehydration stress-induced ABA accumulation can be blocked by ROS scanvegers. Exogenous applied NO or ROS induced ABA accumulation in root tips of wheat seedlings, and synergistic effects were found between NO and NO. The in planta expereiments also proved that ROS and NO are involved in water stress-induced ABA accumulation.Ⅱ.

证据主要来自以离体根尖为材料的实验：(1)通过检测干旱胁迫下小麦根尖NOS活性、O〓合成酶活性和ABA积累的时间变化进程，发现ABA积累滞后于ROS和NO的变化；(2)抑制剂实验表明，NO清除剂和NOS抑制剂可以抑制自然干旱胁迫及渗透胁迫诱导的小麦根尖ABA积累，ROS清除剂抑制自然干旱胁迫诱导的ABA积累而不抑制渗透胁迫诱导的小麦根尖ABA积累；(3)在非胁迫条件下施加外源的ROS或NO可以诱导小麦根尖积累ABA，ROS和NO之间具有协同作用。

Morphological indices of aboveground and underground organs of Plantago virginica were determined using Leaf Area Analysis System (FOCTA STD 1200P) and Root Analysis System (RHIZO STD 1600+) to investigate the influence of population density on the root morphology of the plant.

应用叶面分析仪、根系分析仪对北美车前地上和地下部分形态进行了测定，考察北美车前种群密度对植株形态学参数的影响。

Transformed roots were inocuiated with resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae. On solid MS medium, the resting spores infected root haires but not root cortical tissues, and therefore no syndrome of club robt disease was found.

用根肿菌休眠孢子接种离体培养的转化根，结果发现，在固体培养基上，根肿菌只侵入根毛内，不侵入根皮层组织，因而不表现根肿病的任何症状。

It is a medicinal small granule made up by using one kind of the Chinese medicinal materials of licorice, platycodon root, trichosanthes rind, anemarrhena root, scutellaria roiot, peppermint and others or several kinds of them, and said small medicinal granule is adhered on the adhesive plaster so as to obtain the invented medicine plaster.

这些原料可以是下述原料中的一种或几种：甘草、桔梗、栝楼皮、知母、黄芩、薄荷、荆芥、防风、玄参、恶实、牛蒡根、射干、灯笼草、白头翁、麦门冬、蔷薇根、龙胆、大青、鸭跖草、紫葳等将所选用的原料按某一比例粉碎并混合均匀后加工制成小颗粒粘附在胶布上即成成品。

Results The clinical observation of 180 patients with entirely developed root apex of acute and chronic apical periodontitis shown that there was no significant difference comparing erythromycin ethylsuccinate-metronidazole-CP with FC in root canal sterilization, therefore, the irritability and poisonousness of the paste can be reduced by using erythromycin ethylsuccinate-metronidazole-CP instead of FC.

为了清除髓腔病源刺激物，促进根尖病变愈合，目前国内大多用甲醛甲酚进行根管消毒。甲醛甲酚属化学制剂，虽具有强烈的杀菌作用，但亦具有刺激性、毒性和抗原性等，而琥珀酸红霉素和甲硝唑在临床上已被证明对厌氧菌有明显疗效，对于根管内的消毒杀菌作用如何，研究报道不多。

Objective:To compare the response control and attention of Schizophrenic patients with that of the healthy controls by Integrated Visual and Auditorycontinuous performance test. To quantitate the impairment of cognitive function in patients, and to explore the relationship between cognitive function and the severity of the disorder.

目的：探讨精神分裂症病人在IVA持续操作测试中的反应控制能力、注意力等，并与健康人进行比较，从而量化精神分裂症病人的认知功能损害，并进一步探讨其认知功能与疾病严重程度的关系。

Main effective factors including subcooling degree, mechanical vibration, gas hydrate reformation, environment temperature, noncondensing gas and surfactant are analyzed.

指出过冷度、机械振动、重复生成水合物、环境温度、不凝性气体、添加剂是影响气体水合物生成的主要因素，还对R152a水合物的放冷进行了实验研究。