查询词典 ripple effect

This something can be either some sort of voltage protectection, either undervoltage, overvoltage or too much ripple.

这东西可以是某种电压protectection ，无论是欠压，过压或太大涟漪。

Expect for a few pittings,the N+1-implanted surface had a best fineness (average roughness Ra≈4.2nm), close to the unimplanted original surface.The N+2-implanted surface had a black dendritic area,and had a poorer fineness (Ra≈16nm).While in the N+10-implanted surface appeared a ripple structure,with the poorest fineness (Ra≈40nm).

但其表面形貌各异：N+1注入的表面除存在少量点蚀坑外，光洁度最高(平均粗糙度Ra≈4.2nm)，接近未注入前的原始表面(Ra≈3.5nm)；N+2注入的出现黑色枝状区域，光洁度次之(Ra≈16nm)，而N+10注入的则出现&波纹&状结构，光洁度最差(Ra≈40nm)。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Regularities of distribution of Bionic unsmooth suqama surface and bionic unsmooth ripple surface was investigated.

研究了耐磨性较好的仿生非光滑鳞片表面和波纹表面的分布规律和形态大小。

To take a contrast,separately introduced several kind of filter circuits,and gave a separately analysis to ripple ratio which used in the commutated circuit and the filter circuit.

作者主要讨论了整流电路和滤波电路的基本工作原理，分别介绍了几种基本的滤波电路以用来作为对比分析，对整流电路和滤波电路的参数脉动系数分别进行了具体的分析。

The torque ripple was large when its speed was low,its application was limited for the commutating process.

摘 要：常规永磁无刷直流电机，其换相位置检测采用霍尔开关元件，由于换相过程的存在，其低速运行时转矩脉动较大，限制了其应用。

You open it with a flourish and a ripple of newsprint, your buoyant self- confidence evident in the way you turn the pages with a snap of the wrist, taking in the gray matter swiftly, your eyes dancing over the world's sorrows and moving on, crinkling the page, tapping it against the palm.

你派头十足地打开报纸，哗哗地响，手腕就那么一抖，翻着报纸，轻松自信自然流露；你快速浏览那些灰暗的内容，目光掠过世界的种种悲伤，一路向前；你又把报纸那么一卷，轻轻敲击着手掌。

The heart drum is beaten by invisible hands with music Oh, they are kissing, the young lovers So devoted, so spongy, and so rioted Gaze twists gaze, permeating cool green Don't know if a vine enlaces a tree or a tree wraps a vine as if when mouth touches mouth a magic wand comes out to turn stone into gold and freezes the flowing time to eternity The wind is fanning, like Cupid is calling The lawn under feet is turning into a flying carpet and carrying the young lovers blessed by Aladdin lamp flying to the sky of poetry flying to two people's castle Their bodies are made by water So soft, just like water Sunlight kisses water wave Fishes spring to the surface from the bottom as if two mouth leaning close to each other Oh, don't disturb them Let them send out ripple to the surface from heartbeat of spray and finally makeup a perfect ring Many years after, when time elapses like water memory wash gray hair on head you still can recognize that moment dyed by sunshine those two faces, two sunflowers

灵台的鼓点，被看不见的手急促地，用音乐敲响哦，那是一对少男少女在接吻那么专注，那么痴情，那么奔放目光绞着目光，沁出绿色的清凉分不出是藤缠绕着树还是树缠绕着藤似乎嘴唇碰到嘴唇就唤出一根点石成金的魔杖就能把流动的时间凝固成永恒风在吹拂，好象爱神在召唤脚下的草坪就要变成飞毯载着被阿拉丁神灯祝福的少男少女飞向诗的天空飞向两个人的城堡他们的身体由水生成像水一样柔软阳光吻着水波水底的鱼儿跃出水面像两只依偎的嘴唇哦，别惊动他们让他们在水花的心跳中向水面送出一圈圈波纹最后，组成一个完整的圆圈许多年后，当逝者如水记忆流过头顶的白发你仍会辨认那个阳光染成的瞬间那两张脸，两朵向日葵花

In the third part, the simulation research on asynchronous motor DTC system base on six voltage space vectors and twelve voltage space vectors are realized in MATLAB/Simulink. Through comparisons of the two simulation results, the method of minifying torque ripple is obtained.

第三部分，运用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行了基于六矢量和十二矢量的两种异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的仿真研究，搭建了系统的仿真模型，并对仿真结果进行了对比，得出减小直接转矩控制转矩脉动的方法。

RT9173BPS Pinout: SE: 1 W to 25 W, BTL: 4 W to 50 W operation possibility (2.1 system) Soft clipping Standby and mute mode No on/off switching plops Low standby current High supply voltage ripple rejection Outputs short-circuit protected to ground, supply and across the load Thermally protected Pin compatible with TDA8944AJ and TDA8946AJ.

RT9173BPS引脚说明：东南：1瓦至25瓦，桥式连接：4 W到50瓦行动的可能性（2.1系统）软剪辑没有对待机和静音模式/关低待机电流高电压纹波抑制输出短路保护，接地，电源砰地一声撂下和全国保护引脚热负荷与TDA8944AJ和TDA8946AJ兼容。

Cable dampener cannot be rolled up but must be hung over the cable.

缆帆不能被卷起，必须保证处于展开状态

"This skylark is a present from my master," he says.

"这只云雀是我主人献上的礼物。"他说。