查询词典 republicanism

The understanding of Roman classical republicanism is the key way to master American constitutional republicanism.The Neo-Roman theory and American constitutional republicanism are both crucially connected with Roman classical republicanism.As an analysis tool,the Neo-Roman theory is helpful to understand the content of American constitutional republicanism-its origin and its connotation.

新罗马理论认为存在于遥远罗马共和国的古典共和主义和存在于现代美国宪法中的共和主义具有明显的&家族相似性&，而共和主义传统之所以能够跨越不同的时期保持统一，部分的原因在于它们遵循着相同的经典文本，部分的原因在于它们对罗马共和的理想和教训有着共同的热情。

Firstly, facing up the serious national crisis, the deficiency of governmental efficiency of ching dynasty made monarchy lose the legitimacy. Secondly, the poverty of the thoughts of absolute monarchic powers and the rise of nationalism offered the advantage for the spreading of republicanism. Thirdly, there were contradictions and defects in the thoughts of reformist, which weakened the ideas of monarchy and made for the establishment of republicanism. Finally, in the evolution of political thoughts history from 1840, the thought of revolution replaced the notion of reformism and dominated the ideology. The establishment of republicanism was an inevitable result of the transformation.

共和思想在中国的确立，首先是晚清政局、政治统治有效性缺失，导致传统专制政体的载体——君主制失去合法性基础的结果；其次，中国古代君主制度下绝对君权理论的匮乏和近代民族主义的兴起，为清末民初共和思想的肇兴提供了便利；再次，立宪派关于君主立宪的理论存在着极大的缺陷和矛盾，削弱了这一主张的效力，反而起到了为共和思想张目的作用；最后，从近代以来中国政治思想史的演变来看，革命观念取代改良思潮成为思想界的主流话语，共和思想的确立正是这一转变的必然结果。

As an analysis tool, the Neo-Roman theory is helpful to understand the content of American constitutional republicanism-its origin and its connotation. Meanwhile, it will lead to certain distortion of American constitution republicanism, because the Neo-Roman theory interprets Roman republicanism with contracted and instrumental attitude.

作为一种理论分析工具，新罗马理论是解读美国宪法共和主义内涵的重要路径，有助于理解美国宪法共和主义的起源与内涵，但同时，由于新罗马理论对罗马共和文本解释的简约化处理和工具化的态度，从而导致对美国宪法共和主义一定程度的曲解。

The present thesis adopts Iseult Honohan's six basic elements of republicanism as a theoretical framework for the study of Jefferson's conception of republicanism, which is the theoretical basis of his conception of the ward system:(1) Jefferson's conception of virtue, characterized by his optimism about the universality of the moral sense and the people's capacity of self-government;(2) Jefferson's conception of freedom, characterized by his synthesis of both negative liberty and positive liberty;(3) Jefferson's criterion of the republican government and the scope of the republic, characterized by his synthesis of both participation and representation;(4) Jefferson's conception of the shaping of republican citizens, characterized by the synthesis of school education and active participation in public affairs;(5) Jefferson's conception of the material preconditions of the republic, characterized by his primary concern for the economic independence and political freedom of both the individual and the nation.

杰斐逊的共和主义思想是他的分区制度构想的理论基础。论文首先采用Iseult Honohan 的"共和主义基本要素"作为理论框架，从以下五个方面对杰斐逊的共和主义思想进行研究：(1)道德观，主要特点体现为对道德意识的普遍性和人民的自治能力持乐观态度；(2)自由观，主要特点体现为消极自由与积极自由相结合；(3)共和政府的标准以及共和国的范围，主要特点体现为人民直接参政与代议制相结合；(4)塑造共和公民，主要特点体现为学校教育与积极参与公共事务相结合；(5)共和国的经济基础，主要特点体现为对个人与国家的经济独立与政治自由的关注。

Through the study of the close link between Jeffersonian republicanism and the ward system, the present thesis concludes that the nature of Jefferson's conception of the ward system is the institutional preservation of Jeffersonian republicanism.

论文通过研究杰斐逊共和主义与分区制度构想之间的密切联系，最终得出这一结论：杰斐逊分区制度构想的实质在于为杰斐逊共和主义提供制度保障。

But in the trouble of republican government, republicanism encountered the threat of monarchic thought. After two defeats of founding monarchic state, the republicanism was established in China finally.

但是，在民初共和制的困境下，思想界的君主立宪思潮发起了两次企图恢复君主制的复辟运动，共和主义的思想一度受到威胁。

The main concern of this dissertation is the relations between republicanism and modern political society. It demonstrates that republican commitment is the legitimacy of modern politics, which means that all members of a civic community share the political sovereignty and civic community should put more emphasize collective self-rule, but both dynamics of modern society and cotemporary dominating political social and moral language of liberalism go against the republicanism's commitment, so this dissertation explores that the civic community should renew the common good, regenerate the deliberative public sphere and foster civic virtue so as to remedy the maladies of modern society.

本文的核心问题是共和主义与现代政治的相关性，主要论点是现代政治的正当性基础在于共和政治的公民共同体全体成员共同享有政治主权，也即公民共同体集体自治原则，但是现代政治一方面是建立在对共和政治的规范性承诺基础之上，另一方面现代社会的内在动力以及现代社会的主流政治社会道德话语对于共和政治的实现和维持或者存在威胁，或者隐含缺陷，要维持和实现共和政治的规范性承诺，需要恢复公共善的优先性、重建协商的公共领域以及塑造公民德性。

The Neo-Roman theory and American constitutional republicanism are both crucially connected with Roman classical republicanism.

新罗马理论和美国宪法共和主义都与罗马古典共和主义有着关键性的内在关联。

Meanwhile,it will lead to certain distortion of American constitution republicanism,because the Neo-Roman theory interprets Roman republicanism with contracted and instrumental attitude.

1以马基雅维里为开端，源于罗马的古典共和主义开始具有现代特征，并被英国的共和主义者哈林顿等人继承和发扬光大，然后又传递影响到美国的开国之父，成为美国宪法的基石。

American Constitution ; Republicanism ; Roman republicanism ; Neo-Roman Theory

作为现代西方越来越具有影响力的一种共和主义理论，新罗马理论为我们展现了一条理解和把握美国宪法共和

Cable dampener cannot be rolled up but must be hung over the cable.

缆帆不能被卷起，必须保证处于展开状态

"This skylark is a present from my master," he says.

"这只云雀是我主人献上的礼物。"他说。