查询词典 passive exercise

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

BACKGROUND: Early rehabilitation following total knee replacement has arisen more attention. The aim of continuous passive joint motion is to recover knee function, prevent anchylosis, accelerate blood and synovia circulation, therefore, enhance tissue repair.

摘要背景：膝关节置换后的早期康复治疗逐渐引起关注，进行持续被动关节运动的主要目的是恢复膝关节功能，防止关节僵硬，同时促进手术部位血液和关节滑液循环，从而加快组织修复。

In the passive estimation of mobile target track, the stationary ground platform only provides angular information but no distance information.

在地面固定单站对机动目标的无源轨迹预测中，地面固定单站仅提供目标方位角和高低角信息，而没有提供目标距离信息。

Instead they have an improved idea which is to apply a suitable magnetic field and exploit the anomalous magnetic moment of the Lambda baryons to measure simultaneously their polarization along three independent axes turning a passive measurement -one involving a check of the decay kinematics of the Lambda particles- into an active one -directly figuring out the polarization.

相反， 他们有一个更好的想法，这是一个合适的申请，并利用磁场异常磁矩的兰布达同时重子来衡量其偏振沿着三个独立的斧头，把被动测量一个涉及检查的衰变运动学粒子的兰布达，成为一个活跃的一个直接计算出的两极分化。

Both of the phenomena indicate that in classroom teaching teachers carry out much of the talk while students don't show much of the active participation; 2 in carrying out speech acts, the Question and Answer Mode (No.4 and 8 Act) is rather monotonous, and the Creative Inquiry Mode of the T-S Speech Interaction in classroom teaching seldom occurs; there does exist plenty of interaction in primary school classes, however, much of this is sponsored and maintained by teachers, while the students, participating in a passive way(No.8), are lack of initiation and creative thinking(No.9 Act).

这两种现象说明了同一个问题，即课堂上教师直接施加的影响较多而学生主动积极的参与较少。2、实施言语行为互动的模式多为"问与答模式"（序对4、8），相对单一，而"创造性询答模式"在课堂教学师生互动中很少出现；在小学英语课堂教学中确实存在大量的互动，但往往由教师发起并维持(第4类行为：教师提问)，学生只是被动参与（第8类行为：学生话语—教师驱动），缺乏主动性及创造性思维（第9类行为：学生话语—学生主动）。

As for Chiang Kai-shek, he was passive in resisting Japan but active in anti-communism.

至于蒋介石呢，他消极抗战，积极反共，是人民抗战的绊脚石。

In the money-glut world, however, the world's savers are passive victims, profligate Americans are villains and the Federal Reserve is an anti-hero.

然而，在资金过剩的世界中，世界上的储蓄国是被动受害者，大肆挥霍的美国人是作恶者，而美联储是个反英雄。

Methods The antianaphylaxis activities of myricetin was measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, dextran-induced itch and DNCB-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in mice,respectively.

采用小鼠同种、异种被动皮肤过敏反应、右旋糖酐致小鼠全身瘙痒反应和2，4-二硝基氯苯所致小鼠耳廓皮肤迟发型超敏反应实验，探讨杨梅素的抗过敏作用。

In order to find out effective antimalaria measures in the later period of malaria eradication,the experimental studies on the malaia eradication were undertaken from 1984 to 1988.The following measures were taken:setting up and amplifying organizational administrative systems;making initiative and passive detections of cases;making epidemiological investigation on the remaining infectious sources and trying to wipe them out,etc.

为寻求灭疟后期有效防治措施，于1984～1988年进行灭疟后期管理与监测实验研究，采取建立健全组织管理制度，开展主动和被动的病例侦查以及对检索出的残存传染源，进行流行病学调查等"查灶拔源"措施，加强流动人口管理，发热病人涂片血检，及时发现和根治输入病例，效果显著。

The preordained frangibility of the hymen: the presupposed intangibility of the thing in itself: the incongruity and disproportion between the selfprolonging tension of the thing proposed to be done and the selfabbreviating relaxation of the thing done; the fallaciously inferred debility of the female: the muscularity of the male: the variations of ethical codes: the natural grammatical transition by inversion involving no alteration of sense of an aorist preterite proposition (parsed as masculine subject, monosyllabic onomatopoeic transitive verb with direct feminine object) from the active voice into its correlative aorist preterite proposition (parsed as feminine subject, auxiliary verb and quasimonosyllabic onomatopoeic past participle with complementary masculine agent) in the passive voice: the continued product of seminators by generation: the continual production of semen by distillation: the futility of triumph or protest or vindication: the inanity of extolled virtue: the lethargy of nescient matter: the apathy of the stars.

671处女膜先天的脆弱性，物体本身预先假定的不可触性。为了达到目的而自我延长的那份紧张以及完成之后的自我缩短与松弛，这二者之间既不调和也不均衡。女性之虚弱及男性之强韧乃基于谬误的臆测。道德的准则是可变的。自然的语法转换：在不引起意思变动的情况下，由主动语态不定过去式命题（从语法上分析：男性主语，单音节拟声及物动词，女性直接宾语）转位到相关的被动语态不定过去式命题：3）（从语法上分析：女性主语，助动词与准单音节拟声过去分词，男性主动补语）。借着生殖，不断地生产播种者们。借着酿造来连续地生产精液。胜利也罢，抗议也罢，复仇也罢，都是徒劳的。对贞操的颂扬煞是无聊。无知觉的物质毫无生气。星辰之情感淡漠。

Sodium citrate; calcium carbonate; calcium hydroxide; potassium bicorbonate; magnesium carbonate; ferrous sulphate; Zinc sulphate; copper sulphate; manganese sulphate; potassium iodide; sodium selenite.

柠檬酸钠；碳酸钙；氢氧化钙；碳酸氢钾；碳酸镁；硫酸亚铁；硫酸锌；硫酸铜；硫酸锰；碘化钾；亚硒酸钠。

All this to say that I'm glad filmmaking hasn't become completely ironic. I can enjoy an ironic film as much as the next person, but they usually involve a message of some sort. One that's delivered in a smirkingly clever way that requires little in the way of talent.

所有这些都是说，我很高兴电影制作没有变成完全讽刺艺术，我可以和下一个人一样享受讽刺电影的乐趣，虽然他们经常会被划归到一定级别，技术方面不需要很高的才能。