查询词典 optically anisotropic

As the foundation of ultrasonic testing of composite materials, this thesis is intended to explore in detail a number of features of wave propagation in anisotropic plates, and the following essential problems will be considered:(1) Propagation of plane bulk waves in homogeneous and orthotropic anisotropic media;(2) Lamb wave propagation in multilayered anisotropic plates;(3) Influence of isotropic solid or liquid loading on Lamb wave propagation in anisotropic solid media;(4) Influence of interface layers on Lamb wave propagation in layered anisotropic composite laminates;(5) Dispersion characteristic analysis of attenuation Lamb wave while existing an thin viscous layer which is used for simulating the poor curing in adhesively bonded joints.

作为复合材料超声检测的基础，本文研究了如下国际前沿性的课题：（1）平面体波在正交均匀各向异性媒质中的传播；（2）多层各向异性媒质中Lamb波的传播；（3）各向同性固体或液体负载对各向异性固体媒质中Lamb波传播的影响；（4）界面层对层状各向异性复合媒质中Lamb波传播的影响；（5）胶粘剂未固化而呈现粘弹性时粘接结构中衰减Lamb波的频散特性分析。

Second, based on the spherical vector wave function in uniaxial anisotropic medium, and the first, second, third and fourth spherical Bessel functions satisfy the same differential equation and recursive formula. The scattering fields in terms of spherical vector wave function from a uniaxial anisotropic spherical shell and an anisotropic uniaxial-coated conducting sphere by a plane wave are derived. The electromagnetic fields in uniaxial anisotropic medium and free space can be expressed in terms of spherical vector wave functions in uniaxial anisotropic media and isotropic medium.

二、在建立均匀各向异性单轴介质球矢量波函数理论的基础上，利用二阶线性偏微分方程的性质和第一、第二、第三和第四类球Bessel函数满足相同的微分方程和递推关系，我们分别研究了单轴介质球壳和单轴介质涂覆导体球对平面波的电磁散射特性，首先给出了各个区域的电磁场用球矢量波函数来表示的解析表达式，进而利用电磁场在边界上满足电磁场切向连续的边界条件和球谐函数的正交性，得出了各向异性单轴介质球结构中电磁场用球矢量波函数表示的系数所满足的矩阵方程。

Based on the laminate theory, a laminate weakened by damage is treated as an anisotropic thin plate. Using the complex potential method in the plane theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body, the series solution of finite anisotropic thin plate containing an elliptical inclusion is proposed with the help of Faber series. A hybrid element with an elliptical inclusion for anisotropic materials is obtained by using the hybrid variable principle, and the element efficiency is verified by numerical examples. The state of the damage is modeled by an elliptical soft inclusion, and using the point stress criterion based on characteristic curve and Yamada-Sun etc. criteria, the prediction of the strength of a composite laminate with damage is set up. The effects of various parameters on the stress distribution and the residual strength of a composite laminate weakened by damage are detailedly studied.

首先基于经典层板理论，将复合材料层板的弹性问题化归为均匀各向异性板来求解；采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，以Faber级数为工具，给出了有限大含椭圆核各向异性板弹性问题的级数解形式；利用杂交变分原理，成功导出含椭圆核各向异性板杂交应力有限元，并用算例验证了该单元的可行性和有效性；采用含刚度折减椭圆形弹性核的冲击损伤模型，引入基于特征曲线和Yamada-Sun破坏准则的点应力判据，建立了含损伤复合材料层板剩余强度的分析方法；通过数值计算详细讨论了各种几何参数对损伤层板应力分布、剩余强度的影响，得到了一系列对工程应用具有实用价值的结论。

In chapter 4, by AREELS, the Generalized Oscillator Strength Density Spectra were measured in the energy region from 56 to 66eV, with the incident energy 2. 5 keV and energy resolution 80 meV, at scattering angles from 0°to 6°, corresponding to the momentum transfer K〓=0.03~2. 01 a. u. The Fano profile parameters f〓 and q for the optically allowed transition 〓(0, 1)〓P°and the optically forbidden transitions 〓(1, 0)〓S〓and 〓(1, 0)〓D〓 were obtained as a function of K〓. With the hyperspherical coordinate wavefunctions, the dynamical correlation are discussed qualitatively. So, a new experimental way to study dynamical electron correlation effect is opened.In chapter 5, the widely used R-matrix theory was introduced. Then, the GOSDS for the optically allowed excitation series (1s〓)〓S〓→〓(0, 1)〓P°(n=2-4) were calculated by this method, and the Fano profile parameters f〓 and q were obtained sequently. So the electron correlation effect can be described by these parameters quantitatively, and the theoretical results were compared with our AREELS experimental results.

在第四章中，实验上，同样使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和80meV的能量分辨下，测量了0°到6°散射角下的He原子双电子激发态在56~66eV的广义振子强度密度谱，这种情况，0°~6°对应的动量转移范围K〓=0.03~2.01a.u。，得到了光学允许跃迁的双电子激发态〓（0，1）〓P〓和光学禁戒跃迁的双电子激发态〓（1，0）〓S〓、〓（1，0）〓D〓的Fano线形参数f〓，q等随动量转移变化的曲线；观测到了几个强度很弱、能级很窄的光学允许和禁戒跃迁双电子激发态，用前人准确的理论结果进行了标识；通过比较弱共振〓（1，0）〓S〓和〓（-1，0）〓S〓的强度随动量转移K〓的变化规律，结合超球坐标理论计算的波函数，定性地阐述了在电子碰撞散射过程中它们各自不同的动力学电子关联效应，发展了一套在实验上研究电子关联效应的新方法。

objective to obtain the diffusion tensor maps of the normal human brain,and assess intrinstic properties of water diffusion in quantitative parameters for an anatomic analysis.methods maps of isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient and various anisotropic maps were calculated in60healthy adults from seven diffusion imagings by using single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted sequence.brain parenchyma anatomy was analyzed and adciso and various anisotropic index were measured.results （1）diffusion properties of different tissues and anatomic areas of normal adult human brain are different.diffusion in white matter is anisotropic;diffusion in gray matter is isotropic.

目的 获取正常人脑组织扩散张力性图像（diffusion densor imaging，dti），定量分析正常人脑组织水扩散的内在特性，进一步评价脑解剖结构。方法 60例健康正常人，应用单次激发epi-dw序列，计算出adciso图及各向异性图，分析脑实质不同区域的解剖结构，测量adciso（isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient）及各向异性指数。结果（1）脑内不同组织结构弥散特性不同，脑白质弥散表现为各向异性，而脑灰质弥散表现为各向同性。

In this paper,two nonlinear anisotropic diffusion filtering methods are presented and they are based on the multispectral anisotropic diffusion models proposed by Pope and Acton.We build a couple of new diffusion coefficients in partial derivative equation based on Tukey's biweight estimator error norm by recurring to the relationship between robust statistics and anisotropic diffusion incorporated with the nonlinear time-dependent cooling technique for gradient threshold.

在Pope和Acton提出的两个多光谱图像各向异性扩散滤波模型的基础上，通过各向异性扩散和稳健统计学的联系，建立了基于B iwe ight Estim ator误差模型的扩散系数，同时利用非线性退化技术对梯度阈值的改进，提出了两个基于各向异性扩散方程的非线性滤波方法。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

Hydroxynitrilelyase, a vital tool in the bio-synthesis of optically active cyanohydrin, which can catalyze carbonyls and HCN selective forming optically active cyanohydrin.

醇腈酶(α-hydroxynitrilelyase， HNL)是手性醇腈化合物生物合成十分有用的工具，能够催化羰基化合物和HCN立体选择性的加工形成手性醇腈化合物。

Optically active 3-bromo-2-butanol is treated with KOH in methyl alcohol to obtain an optically inactive product having the formula .

答：有旋光性的3-溴-2-丁醇经过KOH的醇溶液得到一无旋光性的产物，写出该物质的结构

A radiant energy path means comprising a first optical fiber waveguide means and a second optical fiber waveguide means; sensing means prismatically configurated so as to provide a direct reflective path from said first waveguide means, through said sensing means, to said second waveguide means, said sensing means being fabricated from material which absorbs a portion of a monochromatic radiant energy transmitted along said direct reflective path through said sensing means as a function of temperature; a monochromatic radiant energy source means optically coupled to said first optical fiber waveguide means, thereby introducing said monochromatic radiant energy into said first optical fiber waveguide means; and detecting means optically coupled to said second optical fiber waveguide means for detecting the intensity of the monochromatic radiant energy transmitted along said direct reflective path through said sensing means, the detecting means correlating the intensity of the transmitted monochromatic radiant energy with the temperature of the sensing means.

温度传感器组成一个联合：辐射能走了一首手段包括光纤波导手段和光纤波导第二手段；硒干旱prismatically手段配置以提供直接从反光路波导首次表示，次传感手段粗糙说，第二说波导手段飒传感手段伪造身份证从物质吸收了部分单色辐射能直接传送沿线说重 flective路径通过说温度传感功能为手段；一单色辐射能来源地说，就是先光光纤耦合波导手段次 ereby介绍说，首先说成单色辐射能光纤波导手段；一丁光学检测手段波导光纤耦合说二是加大检测手段的单色辐射恩顺沿说传染途径通过直接反光说传感手段，次五是加大检测手段的传播相关单色辐射能与温度传感手段。

Who? I never heard of him, Paul said, before asking teammate James Posey if he had heard of him.

赛后，科比说，他一直都是一名非常出色的射手，今天他打得很棒。

When I joined the company, I rotated around the different sections.

我加入这个公司时，轮换过几个不同的部门。