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Second, the eight-node isoperimetric elements are used to discretize the loading area.

然后，采用8节点等参元离散加载区域。

The optimization system of water supply networks is very complicated. It deals with lots of factors from the process of networks' modeling, node demand calculation, initial flow distribution, and the optimal design to the drawing of pipe networks and isopiestic line. The total effect will be better if amelioration is imposed on each part of these processes.

给水管网优化系统是一个比较复杂的系统，从管网的建模、节点流量的计算、初始流量的分配、优化计算到管网图形和等水压线的绘制，涉及的因素很多，任何一部分的改进与完善都有利于整体优化效果的提高。

The calculation of urban water supply system is relative complicated in consideration of network s modeling, node demand calculation, initial flow distribution, forming of correlative matrix, universal programming, and drawing method of isopiestic line .

城市给水管网计算是一个较复杂的系统，从管网的建模、节点流量的计算、初始流量的分配、各相关矩阵的自动生成、具有通用性的平差计算到管网图形和等压线的绘制，需要考虑各种相关因素的影响。

The optimization of water supply pipe networks is such a complicated work that includes creating networks model, calculating node demand, distributing initial flow, deciding initial imaginary flow, optimizing design, drawing pipe networks and isopiestic line .

给水管网优化系统是一个比较复杂的系统，包括建立管网的物理模型、计算节点流量、分配初始流量、确定初始虚流量、优化计算、绘制管网图及等压线图。

Four-node degenerated shell element and rigid shell element are used in our FEM model.Updated Lagrange formulation and rate form constitutive equation are adopted to solve the problem of large strain and large rotation in sheet forming process.Sheet metal material property is described by plastic anisotropy yielding model and isotropic hardening model.Master surface-slave surface contact model is used to define the contact between tools and blank.Contact constraints are enforced with a kinematic algorithm and friction stress is computed by Coulomb friction law.Dynamic relaxation method is used to treat springback after forming stroke.

四结点蜕化壳单元和刚体壳单元分别用来建立板和模具的有限元模型；更新Lagrange法和速率型本构关系被用来处理板料变形中的大应变和大转动；材料模型采用塑性各向异性屈服与等向强化模型；通过主从面模型定义板料和模具的接触，接触算法采用运动约束法，摩擦力用库仓定律计算；并利用动力松弛法对回弹过程进行了计算。

In chapter six, A finite element model to evaluate the mechanics properties of thin wall structure is put forwards. The 4-node quadrilateral Hughes-Liu shell element with five through-the-thickness integration points is employed. The material is assumed to satisfy the elastic-plastic yield condition with isotropic hardening. The single surface contact algorithm is taken to deal with the contact searching. The priori stabilization procedures for the numerical control of the hourglass instability and the penalty method for the evaluation of contact force are used. The classical Coulomb law of friction is employed to evaluate the friction force.

第六章采用法向方向5点积分的4节点Hughes-Liu壳单元，前置参数法砂漏控制技术，等向强化弹塑性材料模型，分步增量应力回映方法，一体化接触搜寻算法，罚参数接触力计算方法及经典摩擦定律，建立了一种计算受冲薄壁结构大变形力学特性计算的有限元模型，通过对汽车A传动轴及汽车纵向方形吸能梁的大变形力学特性分析，验证了该有限元模型的正确性。

If the left or right node is occupied by an item, it will be added to that item.

如果左边或右边节点被占领的一个项目，它将被添加到该项目。

It is difficult to solve the optimal iteration step and Lagrange multiplier in the gradient optimal power flow solutions. The saddle node iteration method was applied to solve the above problems based on a certain supposition.

在梯度法最优潮流的求解过程中，确定不等式约束的拉格朗日乘子以及求取最优步长等比较困难，文中在采取一定假设的基础上，运用鞍点迭代算法进行上述问题的求解。

This study was to assess the clinical outcomes of Ivor Lewis esophagectomy with two-field lymph node dissection for squamous cell carcinoma of the lower thoracic esophagus.

本研究旨在评价Ivor Lewis食管切除术二野淋巴清扫治疗胸下段食管癌的临床效果。

When generators and reactive power generator reach their reactive limits, the corresponding rank of the power flow Jacobin will augment simultaneously, and cause the minimum singular value change suddenly, then lose the commensurability to the value before node type change, this affects its linear nature.

当发电机和无功发生设备达到无功限制时，潮流方程相应的雅可比矩阵阶数也将增大，致使奇异值指标发生突然变化，与节点性质转化之前的奇异值失去可比性，将影响其线性性质。

Many will continue to choose to live in duality and in conflict.

许多人将继续选择活在二元对立性和冲突中。

I find that students of the University of Physical Education all wear sportswear at first sight.

我发现：体育大学的学生乍一看，都是穿运动衣，大家都一样