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In Chapter 4, the potential climate impact of Mount Pinatubo eruption has been studied.

第四章研究了菲律宾皮纳图博火山喷发对全球气候的可能影响。

Compared with classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes , NK cells are superior in the following aspects: NK cells are among the first cell types to be activated after intracellular pathogen stimuli, the activity of NK cells peaked between 1 to 3 days, retained during the first 7-10 days, and the T cells response emerged only after 7 days when the NK cell responses begin to decline; though comprising of only 10％-15％ of peripheral lymphocytes, NK cells mobilize most of the cell populations in a strong and high level response to different invasions, and act as key factors at early defense before a specific immune response could mount, while only certain clones were involved in T cell response; NK cells kill virus-infected or malignant transformed cells without pre-sensitization and without restriction by major histocompatibility antigen, which is usually a mechanism of immune escape to T cell recognition by virus-infected or tumor cells, thus NK cell in complementary with T cells play crucial roles in tumor and virus eradication.

NK细胞以其强大的细胞毒活性为特征，与细胞毒性T细胞相比，NK细胞具有如下特点：NK细胞虽然只占外周血淋巴细胞的10-15％，但是对刺激性因素产生应答的过程十分迅速，一次可以调动大多数细胞共同参与，而不是几个克隆的活化，免疫应答的强度高；病毒感染或恶性转化细胞的一个主要特征是细胞表达的MHCⅠ类分子下降或消失，并借助这一机制逃避特异性T细胞应答的识别，NK细胞介导的杀伤活性无需抗原刺激，不受MHCⅠ分子表达的限制，从而与T细胞应答互为补充发挥免疫防御的功能；NK细胞的免疫活性可以被多种细胞因子上调，其中IFNα，IL-2，IL-12，IL-15和IL-18具备更强的作用；NK细胞具有强大的细胞因子分泌功能，对于启动T细胞特异性应答必不可少。

A scientist overlooks an eruption at Mount Etna, one of the world's most active volcanoes.

一位科学家俯视在埃特纳火山喷发的情景，它是世界上的最活跃的火山之一。

A scientist overlooks an eruption at Mount Etna, one of the world's most active volcanos.

一个科学家在远眺埃特纳火山喷发，埃特纳火山是世界上最活跃的火山之一。

At nearly 11,000 feet (3,353 meters), Mount Etna is Europe's highest active volcano.

接近11000英尺（3353米）高，Etna山是欧洲的最高的活火山。

Mount Etna has the longest period of documented eruption of any volcano in the world.

埃特纳火山已经最长的周期有证明的喷发的任何火山在全世界。

For several weeks, Italy's Mount Etna has been rumbling with volcanic activity.

几个星期来，意大利的蒙特·艾特纳的火山轰轰隆隆。

Video of the lava flows at Mount Etna during the December 2006 eruption.

视频的熔岩流在山Etna的在2006年12月爆发。

They were setting the scenery for the third act, which was the grotto on Mount Etna.

舞台的坡度相当大，不禁使他大吃一惊，但他更担心的是他脚下的那块地，他觉得它是活动的。

Lava spews from a new cone on Mount Etna in Sicily, Italy.

熔岩喷涌，从一个新的锥山在Etna的西西里岛，意大利。

The changes of the HAF after liver injury may be related to the volume of blood loss, the intraabdominal pressure and the pneumoperitoneum duration.

肝撞击伤伴失血后肝动脉血流量的变化与失血量、气腹压力以及气腹持续时间等有密切联系。

Reneging on our commitments to the world's poor cannot be an austerity measure, she said.

放弃我们给世界上的穷国的承诺不能成为一种紧缩措施。