查询词典 micro-climate

In this paper, the general situation of the overseas applications of micro fuel cells is introduced in detail. The feasibility of micro fuel cells fabrication using MEMS technology and characteristics of different types of MEMS-based micro fuel cells are briefly discussed. Combining with the critical components including the monopolar plate and membrane electrode assembly, the latest research progress of MEMS-based micro fuel cells are also summarized systematically. Finally, the existing problems and development trend are analyzed, and the urgent demand for developing MEMS-based micro fuel cells in our country is demonstrated. Contents

本文详细介绍了国外微型燃料电池的应用概况，简要论述了将MEMS技术应用于微型燃料电池制作的可行性以及MEMS微型燃料电池的类型特点，并结合关键组件极板和膜电极，系统地总结了近几年来MEMS微型燃料电池的研究进展和成果，最后分析了目前存在的问题和发展趋势以及我国大力发展MEMS微型燃料电池的迫切需求。

During ～2.68-2.45 Ma, the vegetation was dominated by arbores, mainly Pinus, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia, indicating a cold warm climate in the mountain region. During ～2.45-2.11 Ma, herbs increased rapidly and the climate became dry-cold, indicating the characteristic of the bushveld climate. During 2.11-1.49 Ma, the quantity and species of the herbs reached the culmination and the bush increased accordingly, showing that the climate became more and more arid. During 1.49-1.36 Ma, herbs declined slightly but pteridophytes increased relatively greatly, revealing a dry-cold grassland climate.

约在2.68～2.45Ma期间，植被以乔木为主，主要为松、藜、蒿，属山地寒温气候；约在 2.45～2.11Ma期间，草本植物迅速上升，气候变得干旱寒冷，显示出灌木草原气候特征；在2.11～1.49Ma期间，草本植物数量和种类达到之最，灌木相对增加，也显示气候进一步趋于干旱；在1.49～1.36Ma期间，草本植物有小幅下降，但蕨类植物增加幅度较大，显示了干冷草原气候特征。

These simulations focused on the major factors driving Cretaceous climate changes and the critical time periods of the climate change, and tested the internal and external forcing in the earth climate system and the feedback effects among various spheres of the earth system, thus providing us an understanding of the mechanism of greenhouse climate and an important scientific basis for projection of the future climate changes.

这些古气候模拟试验锁定在气候变化的关键时段和驱动因子、测试地球内外动力和地球各圈层反馈作用，可为认识温室气候的成因、探讨气候变化内在机制和预测未来气候提供重要的科学依据。

Based on the analysis of micro -bolometer resistance -temperature characteristics, a new readout circuit was proposed. It allowed micro -bolometer operate without a temperature stabilizer over a wide range of ambient temperature. And it need a Flash memory to store the correcting factors of different temperatures and a temperature sensor to detect the ambient temperature of the micro -bolometer. By utilizing the factors in the Flash memory, Digital Analog Converter controls the micro -bolometer bias current to compensate the fluctuation of ambient temperature.

通过对微测辐射热计的电阻温度特性的分析，设计了一种新型无需温度稳定装置的读出电路，该电路的Flash存储器存储不同温度下的校正系数，温度传感器实时检测探测器的环境温度，从Flash中取出相应的温度校正系数送入数模转换器，通过DAC的电压输出来控制探测器偏流以进行环境温度补偿。

This study presents the investigating of microchannels flow. It is divided into two parts, the flow characteristics of micro venturi and the performance of straight-walled and curved-walled micro nozzle/diffuser respectively. The experimental results are also compared with the simulation results whereby we can observe the flow field in micro venturi and discuss the bounder effect of micro nozzle/diffuser.

本文主要是针对微喷嘴的空气流场进行研究与探讨，研究分为两部分进行，分别是探讨微文氏管的流力特性及曲面微喷嘴边界对流力效能的影响，并将实验结果与CFD软体的分析结果相互比较，藉以观察微文氏管内之流场分布并探讨微喷嘴较佳之流力性能。

The region between the circular brown band generated by cell lipid exosmosis and the band of the wound in the non-transgenic cotton Z35's leaves, is wider than that of the transgenic cotton T-34's leaves, and no micro-HR was found in Z35, the intensity of leaves wilting is much serious, by contrast, micro BR was found around the wound region within the transgenic cotton leaves inoculated with the pathogen, but the micro-HR was not found in the transgenic cotton treated with water and around wound region of non-transgenic cotton Z35 leaves which showed that there was micro-HR defence in transgenic hpa1xoo cotton.

棉花黄萎病菌侵染叶片后，非转基因棉花叶部伤口周围细胞无微过敏性反应，受病原菌侵染的叶片萎蔫程度较重；转hpa1xoo基因棉花叶部伤口周围细胞有微过敏反应，叶部刺伤处仅有较小的坏死斑，且不相连，发病较轻，而清水处理的转基因棉花与非转基因棉花叶片中伤口周围均无微过敏反应，说明病原菌侵染诱导转hpa1xoo基因棉花产生微过敏防御反应，转hpa1xoo基因棉花较非转基因棉花有较强的抗病性。

In this paper, the system construction of a micromanipulation robot based on hybrid control of micro-vision and micro-force was introduced, and the micro-vision system and micro-force system and their principle were described.

简单介绍了一种基于显微视觉和微力觉柔顺混合控制的微操作机器人的系统构成，并重点介绍了显微视觉系统和微力控制系统的组成及工作原理。

The micro mechanism considers that the inclusion in material, called micro defect crack, is the nucleus of internal crack initiation, interaction, between the stress field of the micro defect crack tip as loading and strain field of crystal lattice caused by crystal point passim (as vacancies or interstitial atom, H, O, N et al), will trap the point passim, and cause the enrichment of point passim around the micro defect crack.

其中疲劳裂纹内部萌生的核心是材料中的第二相粒子、夹杂物或微空洞，称为微裂纹；而微裂纹的长大是材料中间歇原子或空位等点缺陷在微裂纹尖端富集沉淀的过程，微裂纹的长大速率受到点缺陷富集扩散速率和疲劳载荷的双重影响。

This system included s light micro-scope to magnify the image of the micro-structure and project the image of the CCD camera; froze the high speed motion station of micro-structure based on stroboscopic principle to get a serial of dynamic images; and used the optical algorithm based on label field and neighborhood optimization method to motion estimation for sequential images of micro-structures to obtain dynamic characteristics parameters.

系统包括：利用光学显微镜来实现微结构的放大，并将图像投影到CCD摄像机上；基于频闪成像原理来冻结微结构的高速运动状态，获取一系列动态图像序列；基于提出的标号场和邻域优化法相结合的光流算法对微结构的运动序列图像做运动估计，获取其重要动态特性参数。

Computer micro-vision, Mirau microscopic interferometry, stroboscopic photography and laser Doppler vibrator are integrated into this platform. In-plane and out-of-plane periodic motion characteristics of micro-resonator are measured, and out-of-plane transient motion of micro-mirror is analyzed. In-plane displacement, motion phase and resonance frequency can be measured by integrating computer micro-vision with stroboscopic photography, and the repeatable accuracy of in-plane displacement is 30 nm.

实验结果表明，利用计算机微视觉和频闪成像技术能够实现微结构的平面位移、运动相位及谐振频率等周期运动参量的测试，位移的重复精度为30 nm；利用显微干涉和频闪成像技术可实现微结构的离面位移及表面扭曲等周期运动参量的测试，位移的重复精度为3 nm；激光多普勒测振技术具有在频域上对微结构瞬态运动进行分析的优点，是时域上周期运动测试的重要补充。

The system can be widely used in belt weighing and batching process control,etc.

介绍了基于智能模糊控制的嵌入式配料系统的设计方法，对模糊PID控制过程和系统调零作了重点的讨论，同时给出了PID控制的程序流程图和系统定长调零子程序。

"I dunno," she answered,"but if you show me aroun', I'll recognize it from the lighthouse just outside the porthole."

"我不知道，"她回答说，"如果你能带我转转，我能认出来的，因为灯塔就在舷窗外。"