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This paper reviews the major methodological issues in cross-cultural research,covering topics in research design,measurement,and data analysis.From a design perspective,the paper begins with the use of consilience methods to strengthen causal inferences in cross-cultural research.Th...

作者首先从研究设计的角度分析如何通过汇聚方法加强检验跨文化研究的因果关系的能力，然后分析跨文化研究中测量对等性(measurement invariance/equivalence)问题以及相关的统计方法，最后简要介绍了多层线性模型在跨文化研究中的应用、并讨论跨文化研究方法的发展趋势。

In the course of the comparison and analysis of the Chinese and western cultures, the approach of integrated criticism and constructiveness lay a methodological foundation for the criticism of flaws of the different national cultures and the construction of the new advanced culture which suits the conditions of our country.

但在比较分析的过程中，批判性和建构性相统一的方法奠定了批中外民族文化之"短"，从而建构新的、符合中国国情的先进文化的方法论基础。

The main methodological contribution is the use of a valuation relevance approach, which is new to this setting.3 An inherent limitation of the event study approach is the identification of the unexpected level of NAS, and the need to isolate the effect of NAS announcements from other contemporaneously announced information.

主要方法的贡献是一个估价相关的方法，这是一个新的这种setting.3一个事件研究方法的局限使用是意想不到的NAS的水平鉴定，以及需要隔离宣布从NAS的影响当时同时公布的其他信息。

In chapters 1-3, some typical models of western school change in the 20〓century are commented on. The author analyses emphatically the characteristics oftheories for change and strategies in Dewey's Chicago experimental school,Montessori's Children's Home and Neil's Summer Hill School in the upper halfcentury. The methodology on change in that period are summarized as changing theschools in the way of innovation, enriching the strategies for change with theexperimental methodological thoughts, surpassing the antithesis between twoextremes with the thinking principle of continuity.

1-3章评述了20世纪西方学校变革的若干典型范例，首先重点分析了上半世纪杜威的芝加哥实验学校、蒙台梭利的儿童之家和尼尔的萨默希尔学校在变革理论和策略上的特征，概括出这一时期的变革方法论主要特征，即以革新的方式变革学校，以实验方法论思想丰富变革策略，以思维的连续性原则超越传统思维的二元对立。

Lin put forward a ＂methodological conventionalism＂, claiming to return to the classical text by means of the ＂5 Arguments＂, and let Chinese culture play the part of adjustment in learning democracy and science, which is called ＂Post-New-Confucianism＂.

他倡导"后新儒学"，提出"约定主义"，主张通过"五证"的方法回到原典，使中国文化在学习民主科学中起调节作用。

I believe that this attempt have its methodology methodological value to the correction of some mistaken conceptions about the history of modern Chinese literature.

第四章力图以多维的视角，对左翼文学作出客观的历史评价，而不拘泥于政治或艺术维度作单向度的价值判断。

Methodological contributions as well as papers in the fields of applied histo- and cytochemistry e.g.

该杂志发表整个组织化学和细胞化学领域内的综合和分析评论文章。

The court thinks via cognizance, the accused person thanks some some ignores state law, it is a purpose with detinue, use property of coercion other people of methodological strong demand, number is larger, its behavior already made blackmail crime.

法院经审理认为，被告人谢某某无视国家法律，以非法占有为目的，使用要挟的方法强索他人财物，数额较大，其行为已构成敲诈勒索罪。

Objective To establish the spontaneous differentiation culture system of embryonic stem cells in vitro and provide methodological and morphological basis for the directional differentiation of ES cells.

目的建立胚胎干细胞(embryonicstemcells，EScells)体外非定向分化培养系统，为其向各种成熟细胞的定向诱导分化提供方法学和形态学基础。

It is likely that methodological differences between studies contribute to the disparate findings.

这很可能是由于各研究所用方法的不同而产生完全不同的发现。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。