查询词典 method of deduction

Two different deductions of equation for the pH calculation of buffer solutions are compared,and a new deduction method based on proton balance equation in acid-base equilibrium is proposed.

比较了两种缓冲溶液 p H值计算公式的推导方法，从酸碱平衡的 PBE出发，提出一种新的推导方法。

The experimental setup for the turbulent jets in crossflow is designed, and the hot wire anemometry IFA 300 is used to measure the velocity field and the turbulent kinetic energy, and the computational result matches experimental measurement reasonably well. The experimental result is very important in the analysis of the flow field, deduction of the equation of the jet trajectory, check of the turbulence model and validation of the numerical method.

首先，建立了用于测量横向紊动射流的实验台，并利用IFA 300型热膜风速仪系统测量了多种工况下的流场，并将速度、湍动能结果与数值计算结果进行了比较，实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好，从而为分析流场特性、确定射流轨迹、比较湍流模型以及验证数值计算方法提供了依据。

Based on the two normal forms, the decidability theorem in L is then proved and a deduction-based decision algorithm P is designed. The time complexity O(n3) of P is much less than the complexity O(2n) of the true value table method and the complexity O(n5) of HAL based on the tactic scheme.

首先定义了消解复杂性的两种范式：最简范式和文字范式，在此基础上采用演绎方法证明了L中的可判定性定理，并设计了命题公式的演绎判定算法P。P的时间复杂度为O(n^3)，远远小于基于真值表法的O(2^n)和基于策略方案HAL的O(n^5)。

An important part of this paper is dedicated to the analysis and deduction of modulation and control method proposed.

对给出的控制策略进行了详细的理论分析与推导。

To accelerate the widespread of Synchronous Chip Seal and improve the operation quality of Synchronous Chipsealer, key techniques which influence the operation quality is studied detailedly, including the control of distributing quality, the dynamics characteristics of hydraulic system and the spray characteristics of asphalt nozzle of Synchronous Chipsealer.1 The factors which influence Synchronous Chip Seal quality are studied. Fiducial probability of simultaneous distribution density is advised to be used in evaluating the distribution bias and standard deviation of asphalt and aggregates simultaneously, which is more advanced than the single index evaluation method used before.2 The volume efficiency formula of asphalt pump is revised after analyzing the data of volume efficiency with mathematical statistics, which is helpful to match the asphalt spray system and control the flow out of asphalt pump accurately. With equation deduction and experiment, dynamic of hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is studied, which lay the theory foundation on improving the stability and efficiency from design and controlling.4 Simulation on hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is done with AMESim; the results indicate that multi-circle parallel connected hydraulic system with constant pressure power is better than that with load-sensing pressure power at present, because the latter will oscillate when the multi circles work at the same time. This conclusion has been proved during the debug of Synchronous Chipsealer.5 Asphalt nozzle characteristics, such as flat jet shape, flow distribution, are studied with experiment, the results indicate that cross quality of asphalt distributing is not increased linearly follow the increase of fan overlap level, the best point usually exists between two whole overlap level, asphalt distributing quality is better than±4% at the 2.5 overlap level, meets the superior specified in standard; The distribution quality of Synchronous Chipsealer can be increased by spray asphalt of different flow rang with nozzle of different diameter

为了加快同步碎石封层技术的推广，提高同步碎石封层设备的作业质量，本文对同步碎石封层设备作业质量的影响因素与控制方法、液压系统的动力学特性和沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性等关键技术进行了深入细致的研究：1研究了影响同步碎石封层作业质量的因素，提出了采用联合密度分布置信概率对同步碎石封层中沥青洒布量和碎石撒布量的系统偏差和标准差指标进行综合评价的方法，克服了传统评价方法只能对单一指标进行评价的缺陷；2采用数理统计的方法，研究了沥青泵的容积效率特性，修正了沥青泵容积效率公式，为沥青喷洒系统的匹配和沥青泵出口流量的精确控制提供了依据；采用数理方程推导与试验相结合的方法，研究了同步碎石封层设备液压系统的动力学特性，为从设计和控制的角度提高同步碎石封层设备液压系统的稳定性和效率奠定了理论基础；3运用AMESim软件对采用负载敏感控制和恒压控制的两种同步碎石封层设备液压系统进行仿真，结果表明：负载敏感控制的并联液压系统在多回路同时工作时，由于液压泵排量控制参考压力不稳定，容易引发液压系统振荡，恒压控制的并联液压系统是目前技术条件下比较理想的同步碎石封层设备工作装置驱动方案；该结论亦通过同步碎石封层设备装机试验得到了验证。4采用试验的方法对沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性进行了研究，结果表明：沥青洒布的横向精度并不是随着喷洒扇面重叠度的增加线性增加，其最高点通常出现在二个重叠度之间的"半重叠位置"，"2.5重叠"洒布时，沥青的横向洒布精度≤±4%，可以达到国家相关标准中的优级标准；同步碎石封层设备还可以根据不同洒布量情况下的流量需求，采用不同通径的喷嘴进行喷洒，提高沥青洒布精度。

This paper mainly consists of three parts:(1) Based on the Reddy's higher-order shear deformation plate theory and general von Kármán-type equations, put forward the governing equations of pre- and post-buckled vibration of several hybrid FGM plate forms which have not been studied adequately, triumphantly applying the perturbation technique combined with Galerkin method into equations solving, and get the comparatively simple result forms with complicated deduction at last;(2) As a new type of materials, piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite actuators were applied to optimal vibration control, interrelated informatons be depicted in this paper;(3) During the investigative cource, some factors not been considered adequently in other researches were discussed fully in the postbuckled vibration analysis, such as the temperature-dependent material coefficients, heat conduction and nonlinear vibration characteristic etc.

本文的研究工作主要包括：(1)基于Reddy高阶剪切变形板理论和广义Kármán型方程，给出了几类现有研究成果较少或没有彻底解决的FGM混合板结构的屈曲前和屈曲后振动特性研究的控制方程，成功将摄动-Galerkin混合法应用于求解过程，并给出了各控制方程相对直观且易于计算的解析解形式；(2)单向压电纤维增强复合材料(Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Composite，简称PFRC)是一种新型压电材料，本文将其应用到了结构振动控制研究当中，发现通过压电纤维体积含量的选择可以实现混合板结构的优化振动控制；(3)围绕几种有代表性的FGM混合板结构，讨论其屈曲后的振动特性，在分析中同时考虑热传导，材料物性参数的温度相关性，以及机/热/电荷载耦合效应对非线性振动特性的影响，最后给出了大量数值计算结果。

Firstly, this part summarizes the contribution and the dispute of the economics of law briefly. In addition, this part makes a comment on the deductive characteristic of the methodology of the economics of law and the disputes of the deduction and induction from the scientific- philosophical point of view, and points out that the economics of law, as a theory and method, could not provide a self-justified logic and philosophical basis.

在这部分，论文首先就法律经济学的贡献和争议作了一个简要概括，然后就法律经济学方法论的演绎特征、演绎与归纳之争等从科学哲学的角度进行了评析，并指出，作为一种理论和方法，法律经济学无法为其自身提供一个坚实的逻辑和哲学基础。

Secondly, three kinds of mathematics model of optical vortex beams were introduced here. Then the propagation dynamics of optical vortex beams through the non-axis symmetry system is studied, this chapter includes the introduction of the symmetry vortex beam and the non- symmetry vortex beam, the deduction of the Collins diffract integral formula for the non-axis symmetry system, and the transformation of the vortex beam passing through the non-axis symmetry system has been described by using the numerical simulation. Then the general calculation for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, the matrix form for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, and the photon method to describe the orbit momentum of vortex beams are also introduced here. Finally, the interference about optical vortex beams was studied.

本文对涡旋光束进行了较为全面的介绍和研究，主要内容包括：（1）光学涡旋光束的基本理论，主要是介绍了单个光学涡旋光束在柱坐标中的一些表征，涡旋光束的奇异相位和光学涡旋的相位结构；（2）光学涡旋光束的三种数学模型；（3）光学涡旋光束在非轴对称光学系统中的传播动力学，其中介绍了对称涡旋光束与非对称涡旋光束，推导了非轴对称光学系统的 Collins 衍射积分公式，并利用计算机模拟图描述了对称涡旋光束经过非轴对称光学系统后涡旋形态的改变；（4）涡旋光束轨道角动量的一般计算，涡旋光束轨道角动量的矩阵形式，光子法描述涡旋的轨道角动量；（5）涡旋光束的干涉。

With the development of computer and graphics technology, the advanced dashboard of an aircraft has brought about a great challenge to the quality of the graphics.Based on the cause of the aliasing, the thesis below puts forward a new method using Gaussian Integration to get rid of it and offers detailed mathematical deduction as well. Furthermore, the practical generation of rhumb lines has proved the effectiveness of the new method

随着计算机及图形学技术的发展，座舱仪表对图形显示的质量提出了更高的要求，本文主要从图形走样产生的根本原因出发，提出利用高斯积分法来消除走样现象，且给出了较详细的数学推导，并将此算法应用于罗盘刻度线的生成，效果比较明显。

This paper disuissed the deduction of the focal distance f using the Gauss method and the total yoke method in an imperfect situation,namely a situation where thin lens merely involve light core errors.

在普通物理光学实验中，在理想状态下测定薄透镜焦距常采用的方法有高斯法、共扼法、自准直法等。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。