查询词典 maturation

The results show that: 1 supplementation of protein to maturation media improves cumulus expansion in vitro compared to the protein-free control, but cumulus expansion is not necessarily related to oocyte nuclear maturation in pigs, and cumulus expansion is not the criterae for determination of nuclear maturation of pig oocytes, but only the exclusion of the first polar body; 2 exposure of pig COCs to hormone supplements for 23-24 hours improved cumulus expansion but had no significant effect on nuclear maturation compared to that for 46-48 hours; 3 under our research conditions, supplementation of different proteins into different maturation media has different effects on porcine oocyte nuclear maturation, but has no significant effect on subsequent embryonic development after IVF; 4 the nuclear maturation rates of pig oocytes matured in mTCM+pFF and mNCSU+pFF are superior than that in mNCSU+FCS; 5 different maturation media have no effect on pig oocyte cumulus expansion and subsequent embryonic development after IVF.

结果显示：(1)在成熟液中添加蛋白质可以加强卵丘细胞的扩散，但猪卵母细胞的核成熟与其周围的卵丘细胞扩展没有必然的联系，卵丘细胞扩散或成放射状不宜作为猪卵母细胞核成熟的标准，只有排出第一极体才能作为猪卵母细胞核成熟的标志；(2)在猪COCs的46-48小时成熟培养的后23-24小时阶段去除成熟液中的激素不但可以保证卵母细胞的核成熟率，而且可加强卵丘细胞的扩散；(3)在现有实验条件下，在mTCM和mNCSU中添加10％pFF与在mNCSU中添加10％FCS相比可获得较高的猪卵母细胞核成熟率；(4)在不同的成熟液中添加不同的蛋白质对猪卵母细胞核成熟率的影响效果不一样，但对体外受精后的早期胚胎发育影响不明显；(5)成熟液种类对猪卵母细胞的卵丘细胞扩散和体外受精后的早期胚胎发育无显著影响。

The results showed that the rates of mature oocyte were 75.2％, 73.1％, 69.8％, 63.5％and oocyte at telophase of MI were 16.3％, 15.9％, 16.9％, 27.0％, respectively. The rates of maturation of oocytes cultured in TCM199 with serum, EGF and TGFαwere significantly higher than that of with BSA team (P＜0.05) and the number of oocyte stayed at telophase of MI in TCM199 with serum, EGF and TGFαteam were significantly less than that with BSA team(P＜0.05); Significant higher rates (66.6％, 66.6％, 73.6％) of normalα-tubulin distribution in oocytes cultured in TCM199+ serum, EGF and TGFαwere compared to that of TCM199+BSA(43.3％)(P＜0.05). The rates of oocyte with cortical granules in cortex were 58.8％, 33.9％, 54.7％and 47.9％respectively, there was significant difference between oocytes cultured with serum, EGF and BSA(P＜0.05). In conclusion, TGFαand EGF can promote the oocyte nuclear transition from telophaseⅠto metaphase of meiosisⅡ, and improved the expression and distribution ofα-tubulin during the ovine oocytes maturation; EGF and serum could promote oocyte cytoplasm maturation. The results suggested that EGF and TGFαmight substitute some substance in serum to improve the quality of oocyte nucleus maturation in vitro, but EGF might be more functional than TGFαto promote the maturation of ovine oocyte ooplasm.

三、EGF和TGFα对卵母细胞成熟的影响未成熟卵母细胞分别在TCM199基础培养液+血清、TCM199基础培养液+BSA+EGF、TCM199基础培养液+BSA+TGFα和TCM199基础培养液+BSA四组成熟培养系统中成熟培养，22小时后上述各组卵母细胞的核成熟率分别为75.2％、73.1％、69.8％、63.5％，处于第一次减数分裂末期的比率分别为16.3％、15.9％、16.9％、27.0％，在添加血清、EGF、TGFα各组中核成熟率显著高于其它各组(P＜0.05)，处于末期的比例明显低于其它各组(P＜0.05)：添加血清、EGF、TGFα各组在a-Tubulin蛋白的分布与表达上(66.6％、66.6％、73.6％)明显高于BSA组的正常率43.3％(P＜0.05)；各组CG发生迁移较好的卵母细胞的比率分别为58.8％、33.9％、54.7％、47.9％，血清组和添加EGF组CG迁移至皮质区的比例明显高于仅添加BSA处理组(P＜0.05)。

Our study includes four aspects. In the first aspect we study several important conditions of porcine oocytes maturation in vitro and oocytes cleavage after parthenogenetic activation and found mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15% PFF+0.57mMcysteine is a good culture condition .When the Cocs are cultured in it ,the maturation rate and oocytes cleavage rate are higher than those of foreign covered. Our result are (86.7±3.35)% and (86.3±4.16)% and the highest report of foreign is(85.7±4.1)%.In the second aspect we study the effect of different chemical activations on development of porcine parthennogenetic embryo and found two best activation method. The first one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 20μmol/L ionomycin for 30 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 5μg/mICB and 5mM/L6-DMAP for 3.5 hours, the oocytes cleavage rate and morulae/blastocysts development rate are (76.7±7.6)% and (37.1±6.4)%.The second one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 200μM/L Thimerosal for 20 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 8mM DTT for 30 minutes

本研究分为4个部分，第一部分对影响猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌激活后胚胎分裂的几个重要条件进行了比较研究，确立了一种较好的培养方法：与颗粒细胞共培养，找到了一种适合猪卵母细胞体外成熟的培养基：mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15%PFF+0.57mM半胱氨酸，成熟率和分裂率分别为(86.7±3.35)%和(86.3±4.16)%，国外报道的最高成熟率为(85.7±4.1)%；第二部分对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的化学方法进行了研究，确立了化学激活猪卵母细胞的两种最佳方法：1将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞用20μmol/Lionomycin作用30min，再将卵母细胞培养于含5μg/mlCB和5mM/L 6-DMAP(6-二甲基氨基嘌呤)的NCSU-23培养液中，卵裂率和桑囊胚发育率达到(76.7±7.6)%和(37.1±6.4)%2将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞在200μM/L的Thimerosal中处理20min，再与8mM的DTT共孵育30min，卵裂率和桑/囊胚形成率为(81.0±2.8)%和(39.6±2.7)%；第三部分对孤雌激活胚胎的培养条件进行了研究，确立了一种最佳的胚胎培养条件：在SOF简单培养基中添加颗粒细胞进行前3天的培养，然后转入添加胎牛血清的NCSU—23培养基并和输卵管上皮细胞进行后期的培养，其桑椹胚和囊胚的发育率为(59.5±3.2)%；第四部分研究了IGF-I

Japonicus.Nerve extraction substance of sea star and dithiothreitol has been reported to be effectively to induce oocyte maturation in sea cucumbers. In this study we tested their effects on oocyte maturation induction in sea cucumber A. japonicus. The results are as follows, oocyte of A. japonicus does not get mature spontaneously. Neither NES alone nor NES with follicle suspension can induce oocyte maturation. While DTT can prominently increase the percentages of germinal vesicle break down. When the concentration of DTT is between10-1 mol/L and 10-3 mol/L, the effect of maturation induction is more sufficient. When the concentration is about 10-2 mol/L, the percentage of GVBD can reach up to more than 90%.

分别利用在海参中有诱导作用的海星神经提取液和二硫苏糖醇对从成熟卵巢解剖出的刺参卵母细胞进行诱导成熟试验，结果显示，刺参的卵母细胞在海水中不会发生自发成熟，海星神经提取液以及神经提取液加滤泡悬浮液对卵母细胞没有诱导成熟的作用，而二硫苏糖醇处理可以诱导卵母细胞生发泡破裂，当DTT溶液的浓度处于10-1 mol/L到10-3 mol/L之间时，对刺参卵母细胞的促熟作用较为明显，在10-2 mol/L左右时，卵母细胞的诱导成熟率可以达到90%以上。

Chapter Three analyzes the mental crisis and rebirth in the maturation process of the protagonist and probes into the formation of"the bell jar"that confines the maturation of the protagonist.

第三章主要分析埃斯特成长历程中的精神危机，着重分析了影响女主人公成长的"钟罩"的形成。

Methods: MII, GV and IVM-MII were vitrified. After thawed, they underwent in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, embryo cultivation or fixed for immunofluorescence. The rates of survival, maturation, fertilization, blastulation and cytoskeleton with normal configuration were calculated.

玻璃化冷冻生殖泡期卵、成熟中期卵及体外成熟卵，解冻复苏后，分别作体外成熟、体外受精、胚胎培养或固定作免疫荧光标记，统计复苏率、成熟率、受精率、囊胚率、细胞骨架正常率。

Methods: mⅱ,gv and ivm-mⅱ were vitrified. after thawed, they underwent in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization,embryo cultivation or fixed for immunofluorescence. the rates of survival, maturation, fertilization, blastulation and cytoskeleton with normal configuration were calculated.

玻璃化冷冻生殖泡期卵、成熟中期卵及体外成熟卵ivm-mⅱ），解冻复苏后，分别作体外成熟、体外受精、胚胎培养或固定作免疫荧光标记，统计复苏率、成熟率、受精率、囊胚率、细胞骨架正常率。

Moreover, compared with 1 mmol/L and 3 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L treatment more significantly slowed down the maturation and consenescence process of muskmelon. Meanwhile, compared to the calcium nitrate treated for 4 h and 8 h, the discs treated for 12 h were more apparently promoted or inhibited based on above maturation and consenescence physiological parameters; however, with the prolonging of treated time to 24 h, the activities of POD, SOD and CAT dropped markedly, as well as the inhibition of synthesis of soluble protein, and the increased speed of electrical conductivity and LOX activity were reduced markedly.

与1 mmol/L和3 mmol/L的硝酸钙相比，5 mmol/L的硝酸钙处理更能显著延缓果实的衰老进程；与处理4 h和8 h相比，处理12 h硝酸钙对以上各成熟衰老指标的促进或抑制作用效果更加显著，但是随着处理时间的延长至处理24 h时，POD、SOD、CAT活性反而下降，对可溶性蛋白的合成、外渗电导率和LOX活性升高速度的抑制效应显著降低。

Oogonium develops into early oocyte in the ovary, and then the oocyte leaves the ovary for the coelomic fluid in the form of single cell or cell mass followed by the rapid separation of the group of oocytes into individual ones. Oocyte enters into the nephridium after its maturation. The rupture of germinal vesicle marks the oocyte maturation. Oocyte in the coelom does not have follicle membrane and vitelline membrane is formed and developed by the oocyte itself. Smaller oocyte (0μm in diameter) is round, and larger ones (≥60μm in diameter) is ovate. The short and long diameters of a morphologically mature oocyte are about 115—120μm and 140—145μm respectively, and the vitelline membrane is 7—9μm thick.

卵原细胞在卵巢中发育至早期卵母细胞时期单个或成团脱离卵巢入体腔液中，卵母细胞团细胞很快分离为单个细胞；卵母细胞在体腔液中发育成熟后进入肾管；生发泡破裂是卵母细胞成熟的标志；体腔中卵母细胞无滤泡膜，卵黄膜的形成与发育靠卵母细胞本身；卵径小于60μm的卵母细胞呈圆形，卵径大于60μm 的卵母细胞为卵圆形，形态上成熟的卵母细胞短径约115—120μm、长径约140—145μm、卵黄膜厚7—9μm。

It was suggest that the yield of tobacco in unit area was significant increasing and the quality was improved along with the altitude increase in Liuyang tobacco area. The tobacco leaves production at the place where the altitude from 400 meter and 900 meter was propitious to postpone the bearing period and growth and development of tobacco plants. It was the base of maturation endurance and could advance the tobacco leave maturation degree of all parts of tobacco plant. And it could hasten the orange tobacco leave ratio of the whole tobacco plant. It was boosted leaves unwrapping of top tobacco plant and the statuses of tobacco leaves, especially the top leaves, were significantly improved. The tissue structure of all parts leaves on tobacco plant were more loosen and the colour and luster of tobacco leaves was more vivid. The nicotinamide content in top leaves were digressive at a certain extent, on the contrary, the contents of the reductive sugar and kalium were increased at different extent. At the same time, it was benefit to play down the pesticide rudimentai of tobacco leaves and increased security of tobacco leaves.

结果表明：在浏阳烟区随着海拔高度的增加，单位面积烟叶的产量有着明显的增加，烟叶质量也有一定程度的改善；在海拔400—900m的地方进行烟叶生产，有利于延长烟株大田生育期，有效缓解浏阳烟区7、8月份的高温逼熟现象，有利于烟株的生长发育，为养好烟株的耐熟性打下良好的基础、促进各部位烟叶成熟度的提高；同时可以有效的促进烟株各部位橘黄烟叶比例的上升，对上部烟叶的开片也有着明显的促进作用，烟叶身份特别是上部烟叶的身份得到明显的改善，各部位烟叶组织结构更加疏松，烟叶色泽更加鲜亮；上部烟叶烟碱含量在一定程度上有所降低，各部位烟叶还原糖、钾含量有着不同程度的增加烟叶香气特征更加明显；香气量有一定程度的增加，吸位更加醇和、余味舒适；同时也有利于减少烟叶的农药残留量，提高烟叶的安全性。

We were cousins—his grandfather was King of Scots,and his great-grandfather was Henry VII of England.

我们是堂姐弟——他的祖父曾是苏格兰国王，他的曾祖父是英格兰的亨利二世。

I do want to help you, but I am in a quandary now!

我是想帮你，但是我现在左右为难啊！