查询词典 macroscopic view

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

Firstly, based on the observation and description of a large number of drilling cores in macroscopic and microcosmic aspects, facies marks are summarised, which supplied from the characteristics of lithology, distribution of grain size, sedimentary structvure, ichnology and logging facies.

首先，在对大量岩心宏观和微观特征描述的基础上，从岩石学特征、粒度分布特征、沉积构造特征、遗迹化石特征以及测井相特征等五方面，总结出研究区的各类沉积相的相标志，为沉积相的识别和划分提供了有力的依据。

By means of ESCA,IGC, WD, DSC SEM and computer aided image processing technique, therelations of composite's microsimcture and macroscopic properties were researchedand conclusions were listed as follows.l.

一。通过四种有代表性的处理剂对炭黑进行预处理，并较为详细地研究了处理后炭黑填充的HDPE复合材料的电性能，力学性能和流变性能。

In the angle of macroscopic, it is because of the ecomomic development, the nomocracy factor, the right consciousness; In the angle of microscopic, it is because of the illegibility of right and the reciprocity of right.

民事权利冲突的发生，从宏观方面讲，是经济发展因素、法治因素与权利意识因素三项外部原因的共同作用；从微观方面讲，是权利边界的模糊性与权利的相互性两项内部原因所致。

Macroscopic factor that is the result of uncertainty of the society environment change and illegibility of accountant acknowledgement measure will result in accountant information distortion.

客观因素导致会计信息失真，这是由于社会环境变化的不确定性以及会计确认计量在一定范围内的模糊性而导致会计信息失真。

The possible systematic defects due to issuing a great deal of instruments of the central bank to hedge against China's existing huge exchange position are analyzed in a long-term perspective, such as reducing economic growth rate and bringing adverse influence on social welfare, weakening the policy effectiveness of hedge, making the current macroscopic economic control incoordinate with the long-term objective of economic growth, tightening bank loan so as to distort the overall economic structure eventually and causing the conflict between internal and external economic demands.

结合我国特殊的转轨背景，从长期的角度，分析了中国人民银行发行央行票据对冲外汇占款这一做法的制度缺陷，指出央行票据作为对冲工具可能给经济带来各种负面影响，如降低经济效率并造成社会福利损失，对冲的政策效力弱化，调控方向与经济增长的长期目标不协调，挤出商业银行贷款并可能扭曲经济结构以及内外平衡的冲突等。

The local stress and average stress in different phases for a particle or a fiber with a graded interphase embedded in an infinite matrix under a general macroscopic loading are derived, then Mori-Tanaka and the generalized self-consistent methods have been used to evaluate the effective elastic and viscoelastic properties of the composites.

首先给出了具有沿径向连续变化界面层的颗粒或纤维放在无限大的基体中在静水压力和纯剪切载荷作用下的局部关系，然后利用Mori-Tanaka方法和广义自洽方法分别得到相应的复合材料的有效弹性模量和粘弹性中的储存和耗散模量。

In this approach, the introduction of an infinitesimally thin polarization sheet as in macroscopic theory with the Maxwell equations and the boundary conditions is no longer necessary.

更重要的是这些处理和概念同样可以用来回答偏振红外光谱和椭圆偏光光谱中存在的分子理论问题。

Moreover, the interatomic potential and the atomic structure of CNT are incorporated into the proposed constitutive model in a consistent way. Therefore SWCNT can be viewed as a macroscopic generalized continuum with microstructure.

由此得到的本构参数不仅与变形梯度张量F，而且与其梯度▽F相关，同时也包含了碳纳米管的微结构信息，因此是一种考虑微结构效应的广义连续介质模型。

Through the analysis based dislocation theory and MD simulations,the connection between atom properties and macroscopic strain rate sensitivity of metals has been established by using Orowan\'s relationship as the bridge. The influences of interatomic potential and atomic mass on the stress dependence of dislocation velocity of FCC metals and strain rate sensitivity have been examined through MD simulations of a moderate scale.

依据位错运动的Orowan关系和研究位错速度对应力依赖关系的分子动力学方法，提出了研究金属原子性质与其应变率敏感性关系的分析方法；然后开展分子动力学模拟来研究位错速度对应力的依赖关系，依据数值模拟结果分析原子性质对金属应变率敏感性的影响。

This paper designs the communication system of radio telescope FAST.

针对500m口径球面射电望远镜FAST分布式控制系统的特点完成了其通信系统的设计。

Political sheep's step-by-step a large number of fossils unearthed in the county soil Ma Ali after rural village in the middle of sallow pelitic siltstone.

步氏和政羊化石大量出土于广河县阿力麻土乡后山村，产于灰黄色泥质粉砂岩中。