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Based on the quasi-dimension combustion model, the emission model is set up in this dissertation. The NO emissions in different conditions of LPG engine can be simulated and calculated by the model. The calculated results show that the NO emissions are larger influenced by ignition timing and less influenced by compression ratio, finally, choosing a right coefficient of excess air will have great effect to reduce NO emissions.

本文在建立的准维燃烧模型基础上建立了排放生成模型，利用该模型对液化石油气发动机在变参数情况下NO的排放生成情况进行了模拟计算，计算结果表明点火提前角对NO的生成影响较大，压缩比对NO的生成影响较小，而选择合适的过量空气系数更是对降低NO的生成起着关键作用。

In the one half part, according to the strontium nature, thermodynamic calculation of correlative reaction and the principle of the vacuum aluminothermy reduction process, with the laboratory findings of preparation strontium by vacuum aluminothermy reduction compared and analyzed in different parameter conditions, a variety of factors which effect the decomposition rate of SrCO_3 and the percent reduction of strontia are gotten out. The factors include that the decomposition rate of SrCO_3 is influenced by different addition and pressure. They also include that the percent reduction of strontia is influenced by excess coefficient of reducing agent aluminium powder, the particle size of raw material or reducing agent, the pressure of barbecuing, temperature and reduction time. According to those, we can draw the conclusion as follows:(1) Decomposition temperature of SrCO_3 is decreased by adding carbon and alumina in different degree.(2) With quantitative carbon added under the vacuum condition, the decomposition temperature of SrCO_3 is decreased obviously, which can fall 150℃ compared with atmospheric pressure.(3) In keeping 1150℃ of 2.5h, under the 5Pa vacuum condition, the decomposition rate of SrCO_3 nearly keeps in 99% steadily.

在前半部分的真空铝热还原法中，根据锶的性质、相关反应的热力学计算及真空铝热还原法原理，通过对不同参数条件下的真空铝热还原法生产金属锶的实验结果的分析比较，得出了影响SrCO_3的分解率和氧化锶的还原率的种种因素，具体因素包括不同添加剂、不同气压对SrCO_3分解率的影响，还原剂铝粉的过量系数、原料与还原剂的粒度、制团压力、温度和还原时间等对氧化锶还原率的影响，得出具体结论如下：(1)添加碳和Al_2O_3能不同程度的降低SrCO_3的分解温度；(2)真空条件下加入一定量的碳可显著降低SrCO_3的分解温度，比之常压下可降低150℃之多；(3)在1150℃恒温2.5h、真空度达到5Pa的条件下，SrCO_3的分解率几乎保持稳定在99％；(4)氧化锶的还原率随还原剂过量系数的增大而增大，但是趋势越来越小，当过量系数超过25％后，氧化锶的还原率几乎不再增加；(5)氧化锶的还原率随原料与还原剂的粒度的变细而增加；(6)氧化锶的还原率随制团压力的增加而增加，但超过一定值后，氧化锶的还原率反而会下降；(7)氧化锶的还原率随还原温度的升高而增加；(8)氧化锶的还原率随还原时间延长而增加，在本实验条件下，超过2.5h趋于稳定。

The results indicate that permeability and diffusivity of hydro-gen in various alloys over the experimental temperature range follow arrheniusequations and hydrogen permeation behaviour is not obviously influenced by cold-work and heat treatment of materials, but slightly influenced by the composition.

结果指出，氢在各合金中的渗透率和扩散系数在实验温度范围内均遵循Arrhenius方程，材料的冷加工和热处理状态对氢渗透行为没有明显影响，合金成分略有影响。

The chief Taoist philosophers are: Tsou-yuen (400 BC), author of a work on the influences of the five ruling elements, influenced by Buddhist doctrines; Kweiku-tze (380 BC), a mystic, astrologer, and fortune-teller; Ho-kwan-tze (325-298 BC), an orthodox Confucianist when writing on jurisprudence, a Taoist in other writings; Chwang-tze (330 BC), the author of the "Nan-hua" classic, the adversary to Mencius, and according to Eitel "the most original thinker China ever produced"; Shi-tze (280 BC), a Taoist writer, influenced by the heterodox philosopher, Yang-chu (450 BC), the Apostle of Selfishness; the statesman Han-feitze (250 BC); Liu-ngan or Hwai-nan-tze (died 112 BC), a cosmogonist.

行政道家哲学是：邹族源（公元前400年），作品的作者就影响五个执政党分子，受佛教教义； kweiku赐（公元前380 ），一个神秘的，算命，算命柜员；何群赐（公元前325-298 ），是一个正统的儒家写作时，就法理，道士，在其他著作； chwang赐（公元前330 ），作者的"南花"的经典，而对方却以孟子，据艾特尔"最原始的思想家，中国以往任何时候都产生了"；石赐（公元前280 ），道士作家，受非正统的哲学家，杨柱（ 450 BC ）的，使徒保罗的自私；政治家汉feitze （ 250 BC ）的；柳，颜，或林怀楠梓

The conclusion sums up the evolvement characteristic of the two national mythology : the mythical culture of Mongolia is influenced by Buddhism mythology deeply, and the ancient mythology of the Manchu is influenced by other national mythical culture less that is still keeping original natural style. The taleization and epic characteristic of Mongol mythology is obvious. The Manchu mythology, as each clan of clan oracle, mythology, refreshing song, is mainly kept by the form of teaching orally generation by generation. Swan fairy maiden tale obtains different development in two nationalities. In the mythology of two national Shamanism, the worship form of hawk and vulture and the production of Shaman is derives from the common faith—Shamanism.

结论归纳总结了两个民族神话发展演变的特征，即蒙古族神话文化深受佛教神话影响，满族古神话受其他民族神话文化影响相对较少仍保留着原始自然的风格；蒙古族神话故事化、史诗化特征明显，满族神话作为各氏族部落神谕神话神歌主要通过世代萨满口耳相传的形式保留下来；天鹅仙女神话故事在两个民族中得到不同层次的发展；两个民族萨满神话中鹰鹫崇拜的形态和萨满产生母题来源于共同信仰的萨满教。

The results showed that desulphurization rate was apparently influenced by lance level while it was not obviously influenced by inclination of lance and bellmouth height; desulphurization rate was becoming slow if carrier gas flow was too low (Q=25Nm~3/h) and was not obviously influenced if carrier gas flow was over some value.

载气流量过小时(如Q=25Nm~3／h)会明显降低镁脱硫速率，载气流量增大到一定值后、再继续增大时对脱硫速率不会产生明显影响。喷枪夹角和喷枪喇叭口高度的改变对脱硫速率没有明显影响。

Results indicated that population quantities of dominant species were seriously influenced by extreme climatic events:safety of passerine populations were influenced by sandstorms,hailstones and rainstorms;safety of migratory bird populations mainly by sandstorms hailstones and rainstorms,safety of rodent populations by rainstorms and safety of goat popula...

极端天气气候对优势物种数量影响严重。雀形目种群安全主要受到沙尘暴、冰雹和暴雨的影响较大；迁徙鸟类种群安全主要受到沙尘暴、冰雹和暴雨的影响较大；啮齿类种群安全主要受到暴雨的影响较大；岩羊种群安全受到沙尘暴、冰雹、暴雨和降雪的影响。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

Based on the results of exploration and in-site test of typical waste dump in southwest mountainous area,the analysis theory and method of waste dump rainfall infiltration are discussed beginning at analysing coal waste's mechanics characteristic and seepage theoty. Fllowed estimating method of waste dump stability is discussed influenced by rainfall. At last a typical engineering example of coal waste dump landslide influenced by rainfall is researched, acquiring research fruit hereinafter.①Particular exploration of typical waste dump in chongqing area and analysis estimate to its area engineering geology are done. Granule gradation、water content、nature density、dry densit etc parameter of waste granular media are tested. The mechanics characteristic of waste are researched by in-site shear experimentation、compressibility experimentation and infiltration experimentation.②The coal waste dumping is different from other consecutive solid material as incompact granule structure. Its shear strength and transforming characteristic also have itself characteristic.

本文针对山区矸石山，结合踏勘和现场试验，从分析矸石散体的力学特性以及渗流理论出发，研究了矸石山降雨入渗的分析理论与方法，在此基础上提出了矸石山体降雨作用下的稳定性评价方法，最后进行了降雨作用下典型矸石山滑坡工程实例研究，取得了以下研究成果：①对重庆山区中梁山、万盛、荣昌、天府、綦江等矿区代表性的矸石山进行详细踏勘，对矸石山的堆放形态及其区域的工程水文地质情况进行调查；针对重庆山区矸石山，测试矸石散体的颗粒级配、含水量、天然密度、干密度等参数、并在此基础上，通过现场剪切、压缩、渗透试验等研究矸石散体的力学特征。

Result shown: value of fractal dimension is a comprehensive index, which reflect the changes of landscape, patch areas, patch numbers, area per patch, and their interaction. And the index can reflect the irregular degree and the complex degree of landscape patch in dumping place. The fractal dimension of mixed vegetation of arbors – shrubs and mixed vegetation of shrubs maintain the high level, while fractal dimension of new reclamation land and grass land are low. The difference of other type landscape fractal dimension is not significant. Vegetation landscape is influenced by many kinds of factors. It is primarily influenced by surface material composition and terrain in south and west dumping place, which diversity index is high. It is primarily influenced by vegetation type in inner dumping place and expanded west dumping place. The landscape multiplicity index of the mixed vegetation of grass and shrubs is higher than other landscape type, but landscape dominance index of this area maintains on the lower level.

结果表明：分维数的大小反映了景观斑块面积、斑块数量和平均斑块面积等因素的相互作用，反映了排土场内景观斑块的不规则程度和复杂程度；乔灌混交地和灌木混交地保持着较高的分维数，新造复垦地和草地的分维数较低，其它景观类型的分维数则差别不大；植被景观受多种因子的影响，在南排土场、西排土场受地表物质组成和地形的影响为主，其多样性指数较高，在内排土场、西排扩大区受植被类型的影响为主；草灌混交地的景观多样性远高于其它现有的复垦植被区，但其景观优势度则保持在较低水平上。

Next time I see you,I shall give you a black eye.

下次我看见你，我会打你一顿。

In this paper,design scheme of classification system of wood surface color is established.

提出了木质板材颜色分类的系统设计方案。