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The experimental results indicate that, over a ranger of tube side Reynolds number and Prandtl number (Re=4000~20000, Pr=6~7.5), the internal Nusselt number and friction factor of spiral-flat tube increased by 30%-150% and 20%-50% respectively compared with smooth tube at the same Re and Pr. The value of friction factor decreases with increasing the value of B/A as well as increasing that of S/de, and the same phenomena can also be observed for Nusselt number.

实验结果表明：管内Nu和f值均随均随B/A值和S/de值的增大而减小，但随B/A值的增加而减小得更快，B/A值对螺旋扁管管内传热与流阻性能影响更大；在相同Re和Pr下，螺旋扁管管内Nu数为光滑管的1.3～2.5倍；阻力系数f是光滑管的1.2～1.5倍。

The age class structure of Salix oritrepha population in alpine, cloudy and wet area of east Qilian Mountian is studied ,on two levels of genets and their ramets and sprouting branches .The results show that genets population is very short of the first and second class seedlings,and most of seedlings belong to the third and forth classes, and the development trend of population on this level is stable;on the other hand,the age structure of remets and sprouting branches population is more complete,and its age class distribution chart likes triangle, belonging to increasing type.In general,Salix oritrepha population in this area is increasing, but its reproduct way have changed in community succession process in order to accommodate varying circumstances.

从无性基株个体种群和无性克隆分株及萌生枝种群两个层次上对东祁连山高寒阴湿地区山生柳种群年龄结构进行分析，结果表明：无性基株个体种群 0~10 龄级幼苗贮备严重不足，11~20 龄级苗木所占比重最大，种群动态呈稳定型；无性克隆分株和萌生枝种群年龄结构比较完整，结构分布图呈正三角形，种群动态表现为增长型；总体上来讲山生柳种群呈增长趋势，只是在演替过程中为适应环境其繁殖方式有所改变，导致现阶段山生柳种群两个层次结构状态。

The copolymer derived from the copolymerization in high capacity kettle were testified that copolymerization between AN and MMA occurred. The microcapsules in the films are distributed in the copolymer film matrix. The heat-absorbing temperatures and heat-evolving temperatures of the films are almost the same as that of the MOCT, respectively. In addition, the enthalpy efficiency of MOCT, the melting enthalpy and the crystallizing enthalpy rises with the contents of MOCT increasing.The decomposition temperature of copolymers in the films containing various contents of MOCT decreases with the contents of MOCT increasing.

采用30升聚合釜合成了丙烯腈—甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物，证实了丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯发生了共聚反应；正十八烷微胶囊分散和镶嵌到了共聚物膜基体中；正十八烷微胶囊含量不同的共聚物膜的吸热温度放热温度与纯正十八烷微胶囊的吸放热温度基本相同；随着正十八烷微胶囊含量的增加，共聚物膜的热焓和热效率逐渐增加；共聚物膜中的共聚物的热稳定性温度随着正十八烷微胶囊含量的增加逐渐减小，共聚物膜的结晶度则有所增大。

Hysteresis coefficient decreased both with increasing Al and Mn and decreasing Y at a given temperature and with increasing temperature at a given sample.

在相同的温度下，滞后系数随着Al、Mn浓度的增加而减小，随着Y浓度的增加而增加；对于同一组分合金，滞后系数随着温度的升高而增加。

Hysteresis coefficient decreased both with increasing Al and Mn and decreasing Y at a given temperature and with increasing temperature at a given sample.

在相同的温度下，滞后系数随著Al、Mn浓度的增加而减小，随著Y浓度的增加而增加；对于同一组分合金，滞后系数随著温度的升高而增加。

The application of cold flow improvers is important for increasing the production of diesel fuel and improving the diesel fuel/gasoline ratio and increasing the economic benefit of finery.

其中，在T1804基础上复配的柴油蜡晶分散剂的降低冷滤点效果优于T1804，合成的物质对石家庄柴油具有很好的降滤效果，并对它们的作用机理进行了讨论。

The calculating results indicate that surrounding rock initial stress has an obvious influence on interior force of invert center, interior force increases with the vertical force increasing in both side of invert center, and decrease with horizontal force increasing in interior side , unchangeable in outer ...

计算结果表明，围岩初始应力场对仰拱受力有明显影响，随着竖向压力的增大，仰拱中心的内、外侧应力均增大；随着水平压力的增大，仰拱中心内侧应力减小、外侧应力基本不变；减小复合衬砌结构中初期支护厚度以及变刚性接头为柔性接头均会改善仰拱受力。

Home position shear tests of slope rock, point loading tests and indoor AMD simulation action tests in XingQiao concave slope had show shearing strength and coherence between body layers of quartz sandstone decrease by 13.2%~21.3% after attacked by AMD, the angle of internal friction between layers is decreased by 5.0%~7.5%, in general, AMD affects the rocks mechanical property at range of 60~100m interior the perpendicular slop. Data analysis shows: 1 The actions to slope are major focused on zone of weakness, shearing strength of slope foot and AMD centre are reduced by 52% and 64.7% separately. 2 The explosion stress wave of long distance field has obviously increasing influence to disturbance amplitude value of slope with increasing of the slope height and distance, the response of the top of slope and fault region are obvious as well as damage effect; the foot of slope is with smallest disturbance amplitude value, the disturbance amplitude value of the step close to free face is obviously bigger than the interior of slope. 3 With the coupling effect of the AMD and explosion loading, the stress distribution inside of slope mainly presents characters of explosion stress field; the area affected by AMD becomes a weak area of shearing stress.

新桥深凹露天矿边坡岩体的原位剪切试验、点载荷试验、室内模拟AMD作用试验表明：AMD蚀化后的石英砂岩，岩体层面间的抗剪强度和粘聚力减小的幅值约为13.2%~21.3%；层面间内摩擦角减小幅值在5.0%~7.5%之间；AMD一般影响垂直边坡体内部在60~100m范围内的岩体力学性质数值分析表明：AMD对边坡体的作用主要集中在弱化区域内，边坡体的底脚和AMD作用中心区域的剪切应力减少了52.0%和64.7%；(2)随着边坡体高度和距离的增加，远场爆炸应力波对边坡扰动幅值的增加趋势明显，边坡顶部和断层部位的响应突出，损伤效应明显；边坡底脚扰动幅值最小，临空面附近台阶的扰动幅值明显大于边坡体内部；(3)AMD与爆破荷载耦合作用后，边坡体内部的应力分布主要呈现出爆炸应力场的特征，AMD影响区域形成了一个剪切应力弱区。

While for PE samples, some grafted PEs have Regime Ⅰ-Ⅱ transition, and 〓of Regime Ⅰ is increasing with grafting degree, further increasing in ionomers,although some samples have smaller 〓 than pure PEs.

在PP体系中，结晶处于范围Ⅲ，〓变化不大，接枝和离子化后略有增加，而PE体系中部分接枝物和离聚物出现范围Ⅰ／Ⅱ转变，〓随接枝率提高而增大，离聚物的更大，但有些样品的〓值低于纯PE。

The apparent electrochemical rate constant kobs of Azo SAM decreases with increasing assembling time that is attributed to increasing packing-density of Azo in the monolayer.The close packed structures in Azo SAM restrict the conformation change of azobenzene units in the film so that it leads to a decrease of its electrochemical activity.

Azo自组装膜的电化学反应表观速率常数kobs随组装时间的延长而明显减小，反映出自组装膜的排列随时间延长而趋于更加致密，从而抑制了偶氮苯基团的电化学诱导构型转化，降低了其电活性。

The system can be widely used in belt weighing and batching process control,etc.

介绍了基于智能模糊控制的嵌入式配料系统的设计方法，对模糊PID控制过程和系统调零作了重点的讨论，同时给出了PID控制的程序流程图和系统定长调零子程序。

"I dunno," she answered,"but if you show me aroun', I'll recognize it from the lighthouse just outside the porthole."

"我不知道，"她回答说，"如果你能带我转转，我能认出来的，因为灯塔就在舷窗外。"