查询词典 ice canopy

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

A method for cold transportation of goods that are placed in a hollow-walled refrigerating container, comprising the following steps: storage of a pumpable solution of tiny ice crystals, known as binary ice, having a given composition and temperature, in a binary ice store until said binary ice is used for refrigerating or filling purposes; the optionally filled wall of the refrigerating container that is to be used is emptied via an outlet valve for the binary ice; binary ice is allowed to circulate inside the refrigerating container via filling instruments that are supplied with binary ice from the binary ice store until the temperature of the wall drops to a given temperature, whereby the heated fluid that is discharged from the outlet valve is fed to a binary ice fluid store; the wall of the refrigerating container is filled with a given amount of binary ice; the refrigerating container is decoupled from the filling instruments; the binary fluid that result from the melted binary ice is returned to a corresponding binary fluid store in order to produce new binary ice from said binary fluid.

一种置于一中空壁制冷容器里的制品的冷运输用的方法包括下列诸步骤：将一种具有一预定的组成和温度的可被泵送的小的冰晶体的溶液保存在一个二元冰储槽中，直到所述的二元冰用于制冷或充填目的；通过一二元冰出口阀将待被使用的一制冷容器的随意被充填的壁排空；用二元冰充入该制冷容器的被排空的壁内；通过充填器具使该二元冰在该制冷容器里循环，这循环由来自二元冰储槽的二元冰供给，直到壁温下降到一预定值，从而从该出口阀放出的被加热的流体被提供给一个二元冰流体储槽；将一给定量的二元冰充入该制冷容器的壁里；从诸充填器具上拆离该制冷容器；将从溶化的二元冰形成的二元流体返回到一相应的二元流体储槽内，以便从所述的二元流体制取新的二元冰。

This article analysis the effects of canopy structure: cultivated density and canopy thickness, canopy azimuth angle and gradient, canopy height and interline distance, canopy stretch degree, leaf area coefficient, leaf area density; fruit photosynthesis characteristics: leaf optical characteristics required, changes in law of fruit Pn's season and day; the internal and external effects of photosynthesis; light interception and distribution, the paper puts forward some exiting problems and provides direction for future research.

本文通过对影响叶幕结构的因素：栽植密度与叶幕厚度、叶幕方位角和倾斜度、叶幕高度与行间距离、叶幕开张度、叶面积系数、叶面积密度；果树的光合特性：叶片的需光特性、果树净光合速率的季节和日变化规律；影响光合作用的内、外界因子；光能的截留和分配的分析，提出研究中存在的问题，为以后的研究提供方向。

The ice-making device of the present invention comprises a water tank detachably mounted to a rear surface of a refrigerator door; an ice-making housing detachably mounted to the rear surface of the door below the water tank and provided with a predetermined installation space therein; an ice tray mounted into the installation space and formed with a plurality of ice-making grooves in which water supplied from the water tank is frozen into ice; a valve assembly operating to selectively supply water stored in the water tank to the ice tray when the water tank is installed or withdrawn; and an ice bank for storing ice made in the ice tray, wherein the ice bank is installed in the installation space to be received in or withdrawn out of the installation space.

本发明的制冰装置包括：水箱，其以可拆卸方式安装到冰箱门的后表面上；制冰壳体，其在水箱的下方以可拆卸方式安装到门的后表面上，并在所述制冰壳体中设置有预定的安装空间；冰盘，其安装到安装空间中，并形成有多个制冰槽，从水箱供应的水在该多个制冰槽中冻结成冰；阀组件，其操作为当安装或拆卸水箱时选择性地将储存在水箱中的水供应到冰盘；以及储冰盒，其用于储存在冰盘中制成的冰，该储冰盒在安装空间中安装为能够放入在该安装空间中或从该安装空间抽出。

Sea ice severe degree and disaster in Bohai Sea from 1950 through 2007 promulgated by State Oceanic Administration People's Republic of China has been summarized. According to these reports and bulletins involved with sea ice severe degree and disaster, the statistical means of 5-year moving average are applied, the feedback of sea ice disaster to the societal activity in every National Five-year Plan has been exhibited, the relation between sea ice disaster and sea ice severe degree has been quantificationally analyzed. Some conclusions have been derived as follows: sea ice disaster appeared proportionably to industrial activity and sea ice severe degree, but inverse proportionnably to the understandings of cognition of defending in sea ice disasters; so that the weaken sea ice conditions could not inevitably result in the loosening of sea ice disaster.

通过归纳整理1950年以来渤海海冰冰情等级以及国家海洋局公报内的海冰灾害，并应用五年滑移平均，以反映中国"五年计划"的社会活动与海冰灾害之间的响应，定量分析海冰灾害发生率同海冰冰情等级的关系，发现工业活动的频繁程度同海冰灾害发生率成正比；人类重视程度同海冰灾害发生率成反比；海冰冰情等级与海冰灾害发生率成正比；当海冰冰情等级减轻时，海冰灾害发生率并不一定减少。

The fabrics and crystals of one-year ice in the Bohai Sea show that the noncontiguous ice growth rate makes an ice sheet have level layers with different amount of air bubbles in lower part of the ice sheet; typical grain ice and columnar ice occur in the gray ice which grows in stable water; thaw-refrozen ice and rafted ice have their crystal characteristics.

作者中文名：李志军；康建成；蒲毅彬摘要：渤海一年冰的组构和晶体结构表现出的冰的非连续生长速率使得冰层底部具有气泡含量不同的许多分层；静水生长的灰冰具有典型的粒状冰和柱状冰；融化-重冻结冰和重叠冰具有特定的晶体结构。

It contains quadratic photosynthetic chamber and columned soil fixing body, wherein soil fixing body of canopy leaf chamber bottom set with knob basal portion being corrugation notch, capable of easy inserting amboceptor in soil to form inclosed canopy leaf chamber, amboceptor upper port inosculation with photosynthetic chamber lower wall round opening to make canopy leaf chamber intracavity forming one integral, photosynthetic chamber upper wall sealed by two side glue and photosynthetic film to ensure photosynthetic chamber steady light permeability, photosynthetic chamber sidewall installed one small size fan controlled by external battery and switch, fan capable of rapid making canopy leaf chamber gaseous reaching equalization.

本发明涉及一种用于测定植物冠层群体光合作用的冠层叶室，由正方形的光合室和圆柱状的土壤固定体两部分结合而成，冠层叶室下部土壤固定体设有把手，基部为波纹状切口，可以很容易地把固定体插入土壤中形成密闭的冠层叶室，固定体上口与光合室底壁的圆形开口吻合，使冠层叶室的内腔形成一个整体；光合室顶壁用双面胶和光合薄膜密封，以保证光合室稳定的透光性能；光合室侧壁内安装一个小型风扇，由装在侧壁外的电池和开关控制，风扇可使冠层叶室内的气体迅速达到平衡。

Xerophyte shrub species could affect interception loss. For the Artemisia ordosica community with an average cover of 34 and the canopy projection of 39 cm×100 cm, the canopy storage capacity is 0.7 mm, and average interception loss is 26.82% of the total annual precipitation. In cont rast, for the Caragana korshinskii community with an average cover of 30 % and the canopy projection of 40.7 cm×100 cm , the canopy storage capacity is 013 mm , and average interception loss is 17 % of the total annual precipitation.

结果表明，不同灌木类型的群落之间对降水截留的影响存在显著差别，对盖度达34%的油蒿群落而言，当单株植物投影面积平均为3900cm2时，其冠层截留容量约为0 7mm，群落截留损失水量平均占年降水量的26 8%；而盖度达30%的柠条群落，当单株植物投影面积平均为4070cm2时，其冠层截留容量约为0 3mm，群落截留损失水量平均占年降水量的17%。

The results showed that the sex ratio of trees was 1 m 2 f, and the natural T. cuspidata tree was able to sexually reproduce for many years. Male trees had fecundity when the diameter at breast height ranged from 1.5 cm to 92 cm, while female trees had fecundity when the DBH from 9.5 cm to 68.1 cm. Male trees typically flowered at the age about 20 years earlier than female trees. The numbers of microstrobili were 3 times more than that of megastrobili, and only 1/10 megastrobili developed into seed. The numbers of strobili and seed were correlated with DBH, crown diameter and height of trees; however, no significant correlations were observed with other site factors. Numbers of strobili decreased from the upper to lower canopy layers, while the quantity of seed decreased from the middle, upper to lower canopy layers. Seed-setting rate increased from the upper to lower canopy layers. Numbers of strobili and seeds in different directions of the canopy were not uniform, but the differences weren't significant.

结果表明：现实东北红豆杉天然种群中，♀♂性比为1：2；天然东北红豆杉有性生殖持续时间长，雄株胸径在1.5~92cm，雌株胸径在9.5~68.1cm保持生殖状态，雄株较雌株早约20年进入花期；天然东北红豆杉小孢子叶球数量平均为大孢子叶球数量的3倍，大孢子叶球转化为果实的数量不足1/10，孢子叶球数量、结实数量与样株的胸径、冠幅、树高显著相关，与其他立地因子相关不显著；孢子叶球数量在冠层间的分布呈现由上至下的递减规律，而结实数量在冠层间沿中、上、下递减，结实率沿冠层自上而下递增；孢子叶球与结实数量在树冠不同朝向上也呈现出一定的特点，但总体上差异不显著。

Therefore,a series studies of ice-pier vibration are performed from different aspects in this paper.The main work of this his thesis is summarized as follows:(1) Ice response spectra is proposed based on the idea of a seismic response spectra analysis of str .. uctures.Firstly,ice response spectra on the basis of power spectra density function is established;Secondly,based on the assumption of quadratic parabolic interpolation method,the nonlinear interpolation analysis method of ice response spectra is studied from both theoretical and practical points of view,and the successive computation formulas including ice displacement,velocity and acceleration response spectrum are deduced by Duhamel integral.Furthermore,to analyze the effectivity and applicability of the method, the real temporal curves of ice pressure are used to be studied.The results show that the presented method is more convenient and accurate to study the structural response induced by ice force,also it can be effectively applied in the design of ice resistance.

鉴于此，本文针对冰激桥墩结构振动问题从不同方面展开了一系列与之相关的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)根据结构抗震反应分析思想提出了冰振反应谱，首先建立了基于功率谱密度函数的冰振反应谱；其次借鉴地震反应谱内插法的思想从理论和实际观点出发，假定在等距离微小时间间隔内冰荷载按二次抛物线规律变化，由Duhamel积分推导出冰振位移、速度以及加速度反应谱的一系列连锁公式，建立了基于非线性内插法的冰振反应谱，并利用实际冰压力时程曲线进行了冰振反应谱数值分析，为以后冰激结构振动的研究提供一种方便、简捷、精确的分析方法，也能够将其有效地应用到结构的抗冰计算中。

It was just a normal day of school

那只是上学的普通一天

Which is a very good reference in this issue.

这是一个在这个问题上很好的参考。