查询词典 graphical differentiation

C2C12 cells were induced to differentiation into muscle cells in vitro and the myogenesis model was detected by inverted microscope, RT-PCR, western-blot, cell immunofluorescence histochemistry, flow cytometry and confirmed to be successful. On the foundation of differentiation model, miR-206 was detected by northern hybridization and the result showed that the expression level increasing gradually during muscle differentiation with a character of phase specificity.

利用C2C12细胞在体外成功诱导其向成肌细胞分化，通过形态学观察，RT-PCR、western-blot、细胞免疫荧光组织化学及流式细胞仪等方法进行检测，证实我们所建立的细胞分化模型是成功的，并观察到随着诱导时间的延长，miR-206在成肌分化过程中表达量逐渐增高的，表达改变具有阶段特异性。

There are some problems in developing microcosmic syndrome differentiation, such as lack of standard for syndrome differentiation, contradiction between single microcosmic index and the entirety, nonspecificity of the relationship between microcosmic indexes and syndromes, and the influence of disease on microcosmic syndrome differentiation, discrepancy between the essence study of TCM syndromes and the clinical practice.

微观辨证&有其优越性和局限性，&微观辨证&的发展尚存在一些问题，诸如：中医证候尚未规范化、微观指标单一性与整体性的矛盾、微观指标与证候对应的非特异性、疾病对&微观辨证&产生的影响、&证本质研究与临床治疗脱节等。

Many factors may be involve in the course. To investigate the regulation activity of mesenchymal cells to differentiation of epithelial cells from hair follicle and to study its differentiation property, mesenchymal cells gel was made by nubby dermal papilla cells, free dermal papilla cells, skin fibroblasts. Skin keratinocytes and epithelial cells from hair follicle were inoculated on the gel surface and cultured in air-liquid interface. Three-dimensional model of DPC using to induce epithelial cells differentiation is built in vitro.

为了进一步研究毛囊细胞间的相互作用，探讨毛囊间质细胞对毛囊上皮细胞分化的调节作用，研究毛囊上皮细胞的分化特性，我们利用团块状的毛乳头细胞，游离分散的毛乳头细胞或皮肤成纤维细胞制成间质细胞胶原凝胶，表面接种皮肤角质形成细胞或毛囊上皮细胞，进行气-液界面培养，在体外建立了毛乳头细胞诱导毛囊上皮细胞分化的立体模型。

The present study demonstrates that caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a major component of honeybee propolis, enhanced ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation in HL-60, a human promyelocytic cell line. The differentiation was assessed by Wright-Giemsa stain, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and membrane differentiation marker CD11b.

经由实验结果发现，利用化学染剂(Wright-Giemsa stain)观察型态， CAPE也会促进低剂量 ATRA (1nM)分化的效用，而此种分化经由 NBT reduction，和透过流式细胞仪分析分化标的膜蛋白 CD11b/CD14及细胞周期测试后，证实细胞周期停滞 G1 phase与分化现象的机制有关；再藉由免疫沉降法测试，更证实细胞周期停滞将影响 CDK2的活性。

Based on the genetic distance of 26% by SSR data, the cluster analysis with un-weighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages produced 2 major clusters: cluster Ⅰ of higher degrees of genetic differentiation and Cluster Ⅱ of lower degrees of genetic differentiation relatively, which are composed of 30 cultivars, and another cluster of much higher degrees of genetic differentiation, which is only composed of the cultivars of FHIA 25 and Pisang Jari Buaya.

依据26%的遗传距离，除了FHIA25和Pisang Jari Buaya单独化成1组外，其它30个品种可以分为2组：品种间遗传差异相对较高的组Ⅰ和品种间遗传差异相对较低的组Ⅱ。

The reseach on activity changes of SOD, POD and CAT during the somatic embryogenesis of Y35 showed:(1) The activty of SOD was from 52.98 to 133.20 U·g-1·h-1, and remained a rising trend after early single embryo forming, this revealed that SOD might be positively correlated to the differentiation of embryogenic cell and the development of somatic embryo.(2) The activty of POD was from 0.05 to 0.50 U·mg-1·min-1, ascended firstly and desceded later, and was highest in embryogenic callus and lowest in late single embryo , this revealed that POD might be positively correlated to the division and differentiation of proembryo mass, while negatively correlated to the development of PEMⅢto late single embryo.(3) The activty of CAT was from 0.86 to 2.81 U·mg-1·min-1, showed an up-down-up trend, reaching to the highest peak at the time of early embryo formating and decreasing to the lowest at the time of early cotyledonary embryo formating, this revealed that CAT might be positively correlated to the development of early single embryo, while negatively correlated to the formation of middle single embryo and early cotyledonary embryo.The changes in activty of SOD, POD and CAT indicated these three antioxidant enzymes coregulated the differentiation and development of embryogenic cells during Larix somatic embryogenesis.4. Differentially expressed cDNA libraries of the stages of proembryo mass and somatic embryo maturation were successfully constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization.

对Y35体细胞胚胎发生过程中抗氧化酶活性变化的研究显示：(1)SOD活性在52.98~133.20 U·g-1·h-1之间，并在早期单胚形成后一直保持上升的趋势，表明其与胚性细胞的分化及体细胞胚的发育均具呈正相关；(2)POD活性在0.05~0.50 U·mg-1·min-1之间，呈现出先下降后升高的趋势，在胚性愈伤组织中最高，而在后期单胚形成时降至最低，表明其与原胚团的分裂和分化呈正相关，但与PEMⅢ向后期单胚的发育呈负相关；(3)CAT活性在0.86~2.81 U·mg-1·min-1之间，表现出升-降-升的变化趋势，在早期单胚形成时升至最高，在早期子叶胚形成时降至最低，表明其与早期单胚的发育呈正相关，而与中期单胚和早期子叶胚的发育呈负相关。

During sexual differentiation, mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in cells of testis also increase in quantity, but it is less than that in ovary, they disintegrate after sexual differentiation. The big grana always exsist in course of sexual differentiation, but small grana don\'t appear.

分化时精巢细胞的超微结构显示线粒体和内质网数量也有增加，但不如分化中卵巢细胞的数量多，分化后线粒体和内质网解体，在整个分化过程中大颗粒一直存在，无小颗粒出现。

Meanwhile,HDAC1 acetylation level is significantly increased.The overexpression of HDAC1 can promote erythroid cell proliferation and inhibits induced differentiation,the knockdown of HDAC1 or 2 inhibits erythroid cell proliferation and promotes induced differentiation.We also found that HDAC1 affects GATA1 mediated transcription activity.Thus our data revealed that HDAC1 may negatively regulate GATA1 mediated transcription and suggest that the dynamic regulation of GATA1 associated NuRD/MeCP1/HDAC1/HDAC2 complex may determine the onset of erythroid differentiation programs.Moreover,this study will eventually help to design new therapeutic approaches in treatment of leukemia.

研究发现在被诱导分化的小鼠红细胞白血病细胞中与GATA1相结合的HDAC1被乙酰化并失去活性，在血细胞中过表达HDAC1能够促进血细胞的增殖并抑制分化，反之在血细胞中敲除HDAC1或HDAC2能抑制血红细胞的增殖并促进分化，而且HDAC1能够负调控GATA1的转录活性，GATA1与NuRD/MeCP1复合体之间的动态调控，决定血红细胞分化的发生和发展，并为探索白血病的致病机理奠定了理论基础。

Background: The stem cell is a kind of cell which can keep alive for a long term and has a few of differentiation potencies. While, the progenitor cell is a kind of cell keeping one or double ways of differentiation and the capability of its differentiation, self-renew and self-maintenance is confined.

一、研究背景干细胞是一类不分化而长期生存且保持多种分化潜能的细胞群，而祖细胞是一类分化能力、自我更新、自我维持能力受限制，只有单向或双向分化潜能且生存时间相对较短的细胞群。

In this study, the effect of nCDHA on chondrogenic differentiation of rat adipose-derived adult mesenchymal stem cells in alginate gel was evaluated. nCDHA/alginate composites containing different amounts of nCDHA were prepared and used to encapsulate rat ADAS. The chondrogenic differentiation of ADAS was enhanced after 7 days and the total collagen content increased after 14 days at 500 ppm of nCDHA.

中文摘要本研究先制备一系列nCDHA/alginate奈米复合材料以三维培养方式，探讨大鼠脂肪干细胞经过ㄧ周与二周培养后，软骨分化基因及软骨基质分泌(collagen，GAG)进行评估，结果发现500 ppm nCDHA可增加第7天软骨基因分化与第14天胶原蛋白增生。

These are places without aristocratic baggage; egalitarian places open to talent, self-improving, engaged in learning and innovation through networks that were at once competitive and cooperative.

这些地方没有贵族遗风作祟，而且对于那些有天分的人是开放的平等之地，这些人善于通过那些曾经很具有竞争力与合作精神的关系网进行自我提高以及学习创新。

Christine: You don't want to see me?

你不想见我？