查询词典 equivalence

Chapters four, five and six are supposed to be the cynosure in this thesis. In chapter four, a general description of the development of equivalence theory is presented. In comparison with the equivalence theories presented by Jacobson and Catford, the author elaborates on Nida's equivalence theory, especially the essence of his functional equivalence theory.

第四，五，六章是本论文的核心部分，在第四章，作者描述了对等理论的发展和演变，并详细介绍了奈达的翻译对等理论，尤其是功能对等理论，为全文做了理论铺垫。

Basic concepts of Equivalence Relations, Dynamic equivalence problem, Basic operations of equivalence class, smart algorithm.

等价关系的基本概念，动态等价问题，等价关系基本操作的实现，提高效率的方法。

In this paper, the theory of functional equivalence serves as a guiding principle to analyze the special literary pattern—Thunderstorm, an English version of this drama. The author tries to reveal the feasibility of applying functional equivalence in drama translation and find the methods to achieve "the closest natural equivalence" on different language levels.

本文正是运用了奈达的这一理论来评析这一特殊的文学形式—戏剧《雷雨》的英译本，通过对译本中大量的例子分析，试图揭示出功能对等理论在戏剧翻译中的可应用性，在不同的层面上达到与原文"最自然且最切近的译文"的方法。

So Chinese modal particles should be properly applied in E-C translation to achieve the"closest natural equivalence". My thesis explores the strategies of applying the frequently-used Chinese modal particles (的,了,吗,嘛,呢,啊,吧) in the E-C translation in terms of surface equivalence and deep equivalence.

本文将从表层对等和深层对等的角度，探讨汉语常见语气词(的，了，吗，嘛，呢，啊，吧)在英文作品译成汉语时的翻译策略。

Moreover, equivalence cannot be established simultaneously on the three key elements of language, and the general principle to follow is the priority of semantic equivalence to phonetic and formal equivalence.

层级法是'有限手段的无限使用'的具体表现。[1] 语言学家通过一定的方法把一份语言材料切割成各个不同层级的语义结构单位。

Based on the theory of translation equivalence,this paper analyzes the caption Chinese translation in the film "Legal Blonde I",points out the insufficiency in terms of semantic equivalence,functional equivalence and cultural equivalence ,and comes up with improved translation so as to arouse more concern about caption translation.

利用翻译等值理论对电影《律政俏佳人I》汉译字幕进行分析，指出其在语义等值、功能等值和文化等值等方面的不足，并提出更好的翻译，旨在引起更多的学者对字幕翻译的关注。

This paper present the meaning of semantic equivalence and Herbrand equivalence based upon denotational sematics with concrete programming language.Herbrand equivalence is weaker than Semantic equivalence, it has much wider utility.

从指称语义出发，结合具体语言，用形式化的方法讨论了语义等价和H-等价。H-等价的判定条件相对来说更容易得到满足，具有更广泛的可用性。

Functional Equivalence takes precedence over Semantic Equivalence over Rhetoric Equivalence,and Rhi-toric Equivalence over Grammatical Equivalence.

本文分析了广告语言的特点，提出以下广告翻译原则：功能对等优先于语意对等，语意对等优先于修辞对等，修辞对等优先于语法对等。

This paper also applies game theory to set up game models for ante-accommodation and post-accommodation. In the information model for ante-accommodation, commercial banks expect the occurrence of separate game equivalence not the pooled game equivalence, for in pooled game equivalence, commercial banks may easily choose adverse selection to provide loans because of asymmetric information, while in the supervision model for post-accommodation, banks and enterprises hardly make pure strategic equivalence, that is, they can not achieve Pareto optimum in the same time, meanwhile, when the supervision model for post-accommodation achieve pooled strategic equivalence, we will make use of probabilities of enterprises not keeping their promises and probabilities of bank supervision as indexes for describing qualitatively the credit risk for enterprises and the credit risk for bank supervision.

首先，论文对信贷活动中信息不对称所产生的逆向选择与道德风险及由此产生的信贷风险进行了一般理论分析，并提出了防范逆向选择和道德风险的一般模型；其次，论文结合我国信贷市场预算约束软化这一根本特征，研究了我国信贷活动中由信息不对称而产生的信贷风险形成机理的特殊性进行了分析；接着，运用博弈论方法对我国信贷市场中商业银行与企业在申请贷款、偿还贷款时的博弈行为进行了深入分析；最后，文章提出了消除信贷市场信息不对称的对策和建议。

In terms of the Field equivalence,it may be achieved by preserving the original choice of the transitivity process distribution and the original choice of the diction,but it often happens that the translator may change certain diction or a particular process type.In this condition,the criterion of the evaluation of the translation quality has to be upgraded to the equivalence on a higher level of the context of culture:the equivalence of the social purposes.As long as the equivalence of the social purposes between source text and target text is achieved,some trivial changes in the processes or dictions are acceptable.

第一，译文保留原文的及物模式和词汇选择可以实现语场等值；如果译文改变原文的及物模式或词汇选择，对翻译质量的评价则要上升到社会目的层面考虑，只要达到同样的社会目的，所做的改变就是可以接受的。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人