查询词典 environmental damage

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害"死者人格"的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的"名义上的精神损害"，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害&死者人格&的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的&名义上的精神损害&，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

Then current status of considering ecoenvironmental water demand in planning and related planning is presented in details. Based on that the importance and urgence of introducing eco-environmental water demand in eco-environmental construction planning are as follows.(1) Collocating enough eco-environmental water demand is the key to eco-environmental construction planning;(2)introducing eco-environmental water demand presents new ideas and measures for water resource management, which promotes planning;(3) sound eco-environmental water demand is the subject of eco-environmental construction planning;(4) the objects of planning, on the contrary, improve the research of eco-environmental water demand.

接着对现在的生态环境需水在生态环境建设规划及相关规划中的应用情况作了详细介绍，在前面的基础上提出在生态环境建设规划中引人生态环境需水的重要性和紧迫性：(1)配置足够的生态环境需水是生态环境建设顺利进行的关键所在；(2)引入生态环境需水为水资源管理提供新思想、新途径，促进生态环境建设规划的实施；(3)合理的生态环境需水是生态环境建设规划的实现目标；(4)生态环境建设设定目标反过来又促进生态环境需水的研究。

According to the current situation on the development of the environmental industry in China,the authors deeply analyzed the existing problems and its impacting factors on the development of the environmental industry in China,pointed that the government as an important main body in the environmental market should play its main roles to speed up the innovation of environmental laws and the refrmation of environmental technologic system ,to promote the standardization of environmental industry management,to become many-faceted on environmental investment and integrate environmental companies to groups.

根据目前我国环保产业发展的现状，深入剖析了我国环保产业发展中存在的问题及其影响因素，提出了政府作为环保市场的重要主体，应在加快环境法律制度创新、环境科技体制改革、促进产业管理的规范化和投资的多元化以及环保企业的集团化方面充分发挥其主导作用。

At last express my prospects of western environmental accounting. Facing the problem of current western environmental accounting, I hold firstly, strengthen the comparing research of environmental accounting reports between China and international countries and dig out our own experience in the environment based on our practice and the absorption of international environmental accounting theory and practice. Secondly, with the aspect of operation, we formulate related standard in the high quality of environmental accounting and auditing, sturdy the companies environmental report system and perfect accounting regulations and standards in order to guarantee the impletion of environmental accounting system regulations.

针对目前西部环境会计的问题，我认为环境应首先在研究内容上，加强环境会计与报告与国际比较研究，在介绍和吸收国外成型的环境会计理论与方法的基础上，结合西部经济实际，发掘我国自身在环境方面的典型经验，在理论上加以总结和提高；其次在实务操作上，研究并制定高质量的环境会计环境审计方面的相关准则，建立健全企业环境信息报告体系，并完善会计法规和环境标准，确保环境会计制度准则的实施；加强如何将环境会计信息应用于西部企业的经营和决策的研究。

From the value goal of environmental crisis, the environmental right should become property right and should be mercerization. We should shift people"s interests on treasuring the environmental resources and investing in environmental improvement with the market mechanism, improve the use efficiency of the environmental resources, make economic development and environmental protection develop together, and have the environmental resources meet social need and fully guarantee the human"s demand.

从应对环境危机的价值目标出发，环境权的出路应是产权化，市场化，用市场机制调动人们珍惜环境资源和投资环境治理的兴趣，提高环境资源的利用效率，使经济发展和环境保护相辅相成，环境资源既能满足社会经济生产的需要，又能充分保证人类的生存需求。

The Lynn White debate, which begun when White called for a rethinking of Christianity or its replacement by a nonWestern religion, has proved an obstacle to dealing with the environmental crisis The defense of Christianity that followed inhibited Asian and comparative environmental ethics in the West and did not produce environmentally useful results Whenever the relationship of religion and the environment was raised, the discussion quickly shifted to the issue of Christian responsibility for the environmental crisis The problem with the debate is that in many important ways, the White thesis is correct: Christianity is indeed responsible to a significant degree in that Christianity desacralized nature and it supported policies politically in the Middle Ages that encouraged now harmful human population growth and promoted science and technology, much of which has proved to be environmentally problematic There was nevertheless a second tradition of which Saint Francis of Assisi was a part that was environmentally friendly and that could be useful in rethinking Christianity environmentally It is however unlikely that Christianity will prove useful in the development of an environmental ethic in nonWestern countries or that nonWestern religions will succeed in producing an environmental ethic in the West It is therefore important that religious scholars move beyond assigning blame for the environmental crisis and find ways for the major world religions to help develop environmental ethics as best they can within their own cultural spheres

林恩怀特争论始于怀特关于对基督教进行重新思考或者由非西方宗教取而代之的呼吁。林恩怀特争论已经被证明成为处理环境危机的一个障碍。由此而起的对基督教的辩护制约了亚洲和其他比较环境伦理学在西方的发展，没有产生对环境有益的结果。无论何时，当人们谈及宗教和环境的关系的时候，讨论都会迅速转向有关基督教对环境危机责任的讨论。这一争论的关键在于，怀特的论文在很多方面是对的：基督教的确在相当大的程度上造成了自然的世俗化，并且在中世纪，基督教在政治上对现在看来有害的人口增长的政策提供了支持，促进了科学和技术的发展，很多诸如此类的政策已经被证明对环境是有害的。但是，基督教还存在另一种对环境友好的传统，Assisi城的&圣芳济&运动就是其中一例，这种传统也许对于从环境角度重新认识基督教是有益的。但是，对于非西方国家环境伦理的发展，基督教将很难能够有所作为，非西方宗教也不大可能成功地在西方产生出某种环境伦理。因此，对于研究宗教的学者们而言，重要的是要走出谁应该为环境危机受到指责的争论，找到世界各主要宗教如何在其各自的文化范围内对发展环境伦理提供最佳帮助的方法。

The damage assessment of structures is based on the earthquake damage criteria and damage model. The author in the text, through the existing description of earthquake damage criteria and damage model, believes that the actual earthquake damage can be showed by the dual damage criteria on the basis of deformation and energy.

结构的地震破坏评估是建立在地震破坏准则和破坏模型基础上的，本文在对己有的地震破坏准则和破坏模型进行评述的基础上，认为基于变形和能量的双重破坏准则可较好地反映结构的实际震害，并根据倒塌极限状态方程提出了改进的 Park＆Aug。

This article mainly simulates gradually damage destruction process of rock, major in determinationg the definition of rock three-dimensional damage tensor, simplify to the damage tensor and obtain its engineering calculation method, and obtains the basic expression form of equivalent stress by equivalent stress assumption, symmetrization to the actual stress, thus obtains construction relation of the festival principle of three-dimensional damage rock mass, finally couples elasticity- plasticity with damage in the finite element equation, with reference to elasticity-plasticity gradually degenerated method thought, simulates rock damage to advance gradually the destruction process in finite element method, draws up elasticity - plasticity and damage coupling two-dimension finite element procedure with the C language in the VC contact surface, by simulating experiment destroyed process, acquires destruction image and the axial load distortion curve of model, agreement with the experimental result.

本文主要模拟岩石渐进损伤破坏过程，确定岩石三维损伤张量的定义，对损伤张量进行简化计算并得出其工程计算方法，采用等效应力假设得出有效应力的基本表达形式，对有效应力进行对称化，得出节理损伤岩体的三维本构关系，在有限元方程中实现弹塑性和损伤耦合；借鉴弹塑性渐进退化方法的思想，采用有限元的方法模拟岩石损伤渐进破坏过程，用C++语言在VC界面编制了弹塑性和损伤耦合的二维有限元程序，通过模拟已有的实验破坏过程，得出模型的破坏图像和轴向荷载变形曲线，与实验结果基本一致。

The TNT thermal damage equivalent is about 1.2. According to many damage radiuses obtained using diversified damage principles, the overpressure damage and thermal damage are proved to be the main damage modes. The multi-damage evaluation and estimation system were established in this paper.

通过以各种毁伤准则计算的毁伤半径的比较，发现爆炸场与热毁伤是温压炸药的主要毁伤模式，并建立了评价体系，取得了综合的评价结果。

This paper designs the communication system of radio telescope FAST.

针对500m口径球面射电望远镜FAST分布式控制系统的特点完成了其通信系统的设计。

Political sheep's step-by-step a large number of fossils unearthed in the county soil Ma Ali after rural village in the middle of sallow pelitic siltstone.

步氏和政羊化石大量出土于广河县阿力麻土乡后山村，产于灰黄色泥质粉砂岩中。