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Several results have been achieved as followings: 1. The response of stable carbon isotope in karst cave system to surface climate and environment This index can distinguish origin forest from other vegetation, but cannot distinguish transitional eco-environment such as bosk, grassplot and rocky desertification.

洞穴系统稳定碳同位素对地表气候环境的响应通过对4个不同生境洞穴系统的研究，认为洞穴系统稳定碳同位素可以很好地将原始森林植被同其它植被类型区分开；但是不能很好地区分植被退化的过渡类型如灌丛、草坡以及石漠化等。

The factors that affect children's temporal cognitive tact include the effect of teaching and the effect of the concrete life scene. The teaching is the most important factor that decides the children's cognitive development. 6.The children of 4 years old can distinguish the temporal distance information of the future events. During the period from 4 to 6, children's ability to distinguish the temporal distance is in great changes.

影响4～6岁儿童未来时间认知策略的相关因素，主要包括："教学"和"具体的生活情境"，其中"教学"是影响儿童未来时间认知策略发展的主要因素。6.4岁儿童已经能区分未来事件的时距信息，4～6岁儿童区分未来时距的能力存在很大变化。

Whereas,beside the entrance door the oleander quietly continue its circles,while one fall after another open,and one wither till another born.Enjoying in such a pleasantly spring breeze,the rainstorm in midsummer as well as the chilly in late autumn,from which I could not distinguish them from its special flourishing or declining times.From spring to autumn,from primroses to flower of fragrant plantain lily and chrysanthemum,all have their honors of keep it company until the end.

然而，在一墙之隔的大门内，夹竹桃却在那里悄悄地一声不响，一朵花败了，又开出一朵，一嘟噜花黄了，又长出一嘟噜；在和煦的春风里，在盛夏的暴雨里，在深秋的清冷里，看不出什么特别茂盛的时候，也看不出什么特别衰败的时候，无日不迎风弄姿，从春天一直到秋天，从迎春花一直到玉簪花和菊花，无不奉陪。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

Results Computer-assisted detection is useful to distinguish the malignant from the tumors. The sensitivity and specificity for mass by CAD system were 79.82%、55.20%. the character of mass, such as breast parenchymal density, mass shape, mass margins, mass density, spiculated, have especial affect on the CAD system, which is very similar to the distinguish malignant and benign from the tumors .

肿块密度、毛刺征、肿块形态、肿块边缘以及乳腺的腺体类型等这些影像学特征对CAD的诊断能力均有显著影响，P值均小于0.0001，而且其影响作用强度与肿块影像学征象对单纯肿块性病变的良恶性的诊断上有较好的相似性。

Phylogenetic analysis revealed that cytb gene was helpful to distinguish validly between S.japonicum isolated from mountainous areas and lake areas in mainland China.The cytb gene could also distinguish S.japonicum from other trematodes belonging to the family Schistosomatidae.

种系发育关系分析发现，依据cytb基因可有效地区分我国日本血吸虫山区和湖区两种流行类型，显示种内遗传变异特点，并可将日本血吸虫与分体科的其他吸虫鉴别开来。

These results indicated that the 1600 bp band derives from CMS mtDNA and can be used as a RAPD marker to distinguish A and B plants at seedling stage,and the bands other than the 1600 bp can be used to distinguish WA and DA cytoplasms.

这些结果表明1600bp带源于线粒体DNA，可用作苗期鉴别不育系和保持系的RAPD标记；1600bp以外的带可用于鉴别野败细胞质和矮败细胞质。

Inditers need make their mind void and quiet to distinguish the Tao of universe and life from the nature; and enjoyers to distinguish it from arts.

作者澄怀，从自然中见出宇宙之道、生命之道；欣赏者澄怀以从艺术中观照这宇宙人生之道。

Uses a smaller type size to distinguish from one-foot key numbers.

使用上若以较短呎数的形式来区别一英呎的数码。

The result would be used in tobacco breeding.4 SRAP technology is used to study the genetic differences among different types of tobacco, including flue-cured tobacco, oriental tobacco, maryland tobacco, burley tobacco, and air/sun cured tobacco, five pairs of primer combinations which can amplify characteristic bands has been screened. Among the five combinations, two of them (SF25*SR2 and SF3*SR26) can distinguish air-cured tobacco including maryland tobacco and Burley tobacco from the other cultivated forms; SF20*SR14 can distinguish sun cured tobacco including oriental tobacco and sun-cured tobacco; SF16*SR14 can distinguish flue-cured tobacco and air-cured tobacco, and SF22*SR14 can distinguish DBJ599 with specisl aroma and the other flue-cured tobacco.5 8 varieties , which represent the different types of tobacco, are divided into 3 groups. I: G-28, II:DBJ599、MD40、By21, III: Basma、Sumsun、XNS、QCT. The cluster analysis result es consistant with experience evatuation.6 Anorthogonal design was used to optimize a ILP-PCR system with 5 factors (DNA, Mg2+, dNTP, primer and Taq polymerase) at 4 levels.The result showed the optimized ILP-PCR system for Nicotiana tabacum L. was: 2uL10×PCRbuffer, 20ng template DNA, Mg2+ 2.0mmol/L, dNTP 150umol/L, primer 0.3umol/L, Taq DNA polymerase 1 U in a total of 20uL reactionsolution.

研究结果可作为烤烟与香料烟类型间的杂种鉴定利用的实验与理论依据。4、利用SRAP标记技术，研究和分析了烤烟、晒烟、晾烟、白肋烟、香料烟等不同栽培类型间的基因型差异，初步筛选出了能够在分子水平上反映不同烟草类型差异的特征性标记带：晾烟MD40、Ky17、Burley21、TN90基因型共有的特征带有两对引物组合，分别为SF25*SR2和SF3*SR26；晒烟小牛舌、青梗、小花青和香料烟Sumsun、komotini Basma、Xanthi Basma共有的特征带引物组合为SF20*SR14；NC89、K326、G-28、大白筋和MD40、Ky17、Burley21、TN90共有的特征带引物组合为SF16*SR14，烤烟中大白筋599的特征带引物组合SF22*SR14.5、利用61对SRAP引物组合，研究了普通烟草不同类型间的亲缘关系，将普通烟草类型间8个不同供试材料划分为3类别。I：烤烟类型G-28II：白肋烟类型(MD40、By21、大白筋599III：香料烟类型(Basma、Sumsun、小牛舌、千层塔)。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。