查询词典 difference boundary value problem

Chapter 3 emphasizes on the case that the considered systems contain not only impulse but also time delay. We mainly investigate impulsive parabolic systems with time delay and neutral impulsive parabolic systems. Section 3.1 discusses the oscillation of impulsive parabolic systems with time delay under Robin boundary condition and obtains some useful criteria via first order impulsive differential inequalities with time delay. Section 3.2 studies the oscillation of neutral impulsive parabolic systems under Neumann boundary condition and Robin boundary condition, respectively, and obtains some sufficient conditions for oscillation and strong oscillation via first order neutral impulsive differential inequalities.

第三章针对于"脉冲"与"时滞"共存的复杂情形，仍采用反证法讨论了含时滞的脉冲偏微分系统的振动理论，具体研究了脉冲时滞抛物系统和中立型脉冲时滞抛物系统。3.1节考虑了脉冲时滞抛物系统的振动理论，借助于一阶脉冲时滞微分不等式的解的性质，得到了满足Robin边界条件的脉冲时滞抛物系统的若干振动准则；3.2节考虑了中立型脉冲时滞抛物系统的振动理论，借助于一阶中立型脉冲时滞微分不等式的解的性质，分别给出了满足Neumann边界条件和Robin边界条件的中立型脉冲时滞抛物系统的若干振动和强振动准则。

Moreover, a boundary length normalized energy function is designed to describe the building boundary. The boundary extraction is implemented by a global optimization of the function on a graph.

另外，设计了一种长度归一化的能量函数来描述建筑物轮廓，并运用图优化算法全局寻优，实现对建筑物轮廓的提取。

For the boundary layer with adiabatic wall, transition happens about 60% further downstream from the nose of the cone, as compared with boundary layer with isothermal wall.2 ZARF is not unique in three-dimensional boundary layer.

壁面温度边界条件对转捩影响很大，绝热边界层和等温边界层相比，转捩位置靠后将近60%。2三维边界层中的ZARF曲线不是唯一的。

Two methods are given for generating three-dimensional boundary-conforming grids perpendicular to the boundary. The one is the polynomial interpolation method. Some coefficients of the polynomial are determined by the perpendicularity of the grids to the boundary.

提出了两种生成三维贴体与边界正交网格的方法，第一种方法是多项式插值方法，多项式中的某些待定参数由网格与边界正交来确定。

The large displacement movable boundary in chemical reaction flows was simulated by the combination of spring method and local remeshing method. Spring method was sufficient for relative small boundary displacement; local remeshing method was used to deal with large boundary displacement.

采用弹簧方法和局部网格重构法相结合的动网格技术实现了快速、优质地模拟化学非平衡流场中边界的大位移运动，为了克服网格变形或重构引起的质量不守琚A采用积分重映求取新网格上流场状态参数。

The mean velocity distributions in turbulent boundary layers of smooth surface and two different riblet surfaces are measured with IFA300 constant-temperature anemometer in low-speed wind tunnel to validate the full development of turbulent boundary laye. Friction velocity and wall friction stress of turbulent boundary layer are obtained with the least-squares fitted curve of the sublayer velocity distribution based on Spalding formula, and virtual origin position of riblet surface can be acquired accurately.

在低速风洞中来流速度一定的情况下使用IFA300恒温热线风速仪测量了光滑表面和两种不同尺寸的脊状表面湍流边界层平均速度分布剖面，并验证了试验段湍流发展的充分性；通过应用Spalding壁面公式使用最小二乘法精准拟合了实验测量的边界层内层速度分布曲线，得到了湍流边界层壁面摩擦速度并进一步求得湍流壁面摩擦应力，较准确地计算出脊状表面的虚拟原点位置，并通过与对数律公式拟合结果比较分析，证实了该方法更加准确有效。

At the temperature range of 800～850℃, the deformation activation energy was very close to self-diffusion activation energy of grain boundary, which shows the main deformation mechanism is grain boundary sliding controlled by grain boundary diffusion.

在850℃变形激活能与晶界自扩散激活能十分相近，表明晶界扩散控制的晶界滑动是超塑性变形的主要机制。

Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; managed maritime boundary disputes with Canada at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution

1990白令海沿海边界协议仍然在等候俄国杜马批准；被处理的沿海边界争执涉及到加拿大狄克逊入口， Beaufort 海，胡安 de Fuca 海峡， Machias 封印海岛和 North Rock；巴哈马和美国未能对一个沿海边界达成协议；关塔那摩海湾的美国海军基地被古巴租用，并且仅相互协议或美国自动放弃的情况下才能终止租约；海地要求纳瓦萨岛主权；美国在南极州未做领土要求和不认可南极洲的任何其领土要求；马歇尔群岛要求威克岛主权；托克拉奥在它的2006宪法草案中包括了美洲萨摩亚的 Swains 海岛。

Shen prove a short time existence theorem for manifolds with umbilical boundary. He also derived the Simons' identity for the boundary under the Ricci flow. And as a corollary, Shen show that any three-manifolds with totally geodesic boundary which admits positive Ricci curvature can be deformed to a space form with totally geodesic

而带边流形上的Ricci流的研究始于Shen，在1996年，Shen在中考虑带边三维流形上的黎曼度量的Ricci形变，证明了如果初始三维流形的黎曼度量具有正Ricci曲率和全测地边界，则此三维黎曼流形上存在着常正曲率的黎曼度量。

The CNE-AR model coefficients are invariant to translation, rotation, scale and choice of the starting point in tracing a boundary, in which both linear and nonlinear features of the shape boundary are taken into account, and the intrinsic characteristics of the shape boundary are further depicted.

CNE-AR模型系数具有平移、旋转、比例和轮廓跟踪起始点选择不变性，兼顾了图形轮廓中的线性与非线性特征，深刻反映了图形轮廓的本质特性。

Many will continue to choose to live in duality and in conflict.

许多人将继续选择活在二元对立性和冲突中。

I find that students of the University of Physical Education all wear sportswear at first sight.

我发现：体育大学的学生乍一看，都是穿运动衣，大家都一样