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There are large niche overlaps between the shrub and semi-shrub species and among the herbaceous plants of which the overlap between H. scoparium and A. ordosica and between Chloris virgata and Bassia dasyphylla were 0.7192 and 0.8622, respectively, and this indicates that they have greater ecological similarity thus possessing strong competitive capacities in community succession; there are smaller niche overlaps between A. ordosica and various herbaceous plants and thus they can stably co-existed.

灌木、半灌木种之间、草本植物与草本植物之间的生态位重叠值较大，其中花棒与油蒿、虎尾草与雾冰藜之间的生态位重叠值分别为0.7192和0.8622，这表明二者之间有较大的生态相似性，从而在演替过程中具有较强的竞争作用；而半灌木油蒿与各草本植物之间的生态位重叠值很小，它们能够实现稳定共存。

Though conflict and harmony have represented biggish complexity in different arrangements in human existence and in quality and quantity, but conflict and harmony between man and nature, conflict and harmony between man and society, conflict and harmony between man and man, conflict and harmony between man and ego are ubiquitous forms of conflict and harmony.

尽管冲突与和谐在人类生存的不同层次中以及在质上与量上表现出了较大的复杂性，但是人与自然的冲突与和谐、人与社会的冲突与和谐、人与人的冲突与和谐以及人与自我之间的冲突与和谐却是冲突与和谐的普遍的存在形式。

Although the study found that some of the widest gaps between social groups have diminished over time (that between men and women on pay, for example, and between various ethnic minorities), deep-seated differences between haves and have-nots persist, blighting the life chances of the less fortunate.

尽管研究发现，一些原本较大的社会差距已随着时间慢慢消失（如男女工资差距，不同种族的工资差距），但根深蒂固的贫富差距仍然存在，且正损害着不幸的人们的生存机会。

By comparison between SMM HXRBS observation and ground observation of Hα and CaIIK lines, especially through the combined study between SMM HXRBS observation and chromospheric flare models, the results show that: in the initial stage of impulsive phase, there is a correlative relation betweem Hα line intensity and hard X-ray emission; different spike in hard X-ray flux curve represents the burst at different location; the energy taken by non-thermal electron beam is larger than the radiative loss in chromosphere; for the flare studied here, the chromospheric evapporation is explosive; if the chromosphere is in balance between electron beam bombardment and radiative loss, the column mass density at the top of chromospheric flare model can not be taken as measure from the source of electrons and then the total material between the source of electrons and the top of chromosphere can be estimated.

通过一个具体耀斑的SMM HXRBS观测结果与同时基于地面得到的Hα和CaⅡK可见光谱观测结果对比，特别是将硬x谱观测结果与色球半经验模型联立研究，结果显示出：在脉冲相上升段，硬x发射与Hα辐射之间存在对应关系；硬x线光变曲线中不同脉冲爆发分量不太可能起源于同一位置；硬x辐射所反映的高能非热电子总携带能量大于色球总辐射损失；对所研究的耀斑而言，其色球蒸发过程是爆发性的；在详细比较了非热电子色球总沉积和色球辐射损失的基础上，指出半经验模型中色球顶部柱数密度不能看成是从非热电子源度量的，从而估计了色球顶部到非热电子源之间的总物质。

Nutrition solution culture, ICP-AES, the differential centrifugation technique and sequential chemical extraction method, suppression subtractive hybridization , RAPD were used in this thesis to study the mechanisms of copper tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis grown in copper mine deposit which was reported to be a Cu hyperaccumulator, compared with C. communis grown in normal soil. Several aspects were examined, including: difference of copper tolerance and accumulation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil; difference of growth and nutrient accumunation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; physiological differences between between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cu in C. communis; identification of cDNA fragments differentially expressed in C. communis grown in copper mine deposit; genetic diversity and copper tolerance of C. communis, tolerance mechanisms to copper in C. communis are discussed.

中文题名鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理和富集特征研究副题名外文题名 Mechanisms of Cu tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis 论文作者廖斌导师蓝崇钰束文圣学科专业环境科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中山大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数128页关键词重金属污染植物修复超富集植物土壤污染铜污染鸭跖草馆藏号BSLW /2003 /X53 /12 论文以本实验室报道的生长于矿山上的铜超富集植物鸭跖草和生长于正常土壤中的鸭跖草为试验材料，分别运用溶液培养法、ICP-AES元素测定技术、差速离心法和化学试剂逐步提取法、抑制消减杂交技术、RAPD技术研究了矿山和非矿山两种生境鸭跖草对铜的耐性和吸收积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下养分吸收和积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下生理反应的差异，以及铜在鸭跖草细胞内的分布及结合形态研究，矿山鸭跖草差异表达的cDNA克隆，铜对鸭跖草种群遗传分化的影响，从这几个方面探讨了矿山鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理。

With the development of the Consuming Society, the integrating trend between the culture and economy has been strengthened day by day. if the second productivity generation of the capitalism industry revolution and the big industrial production were featured by the separation and the contradiction between the economic production and the culture, the third productivity generation of the Consuming Society, characterizes by the establishment of the new relationship between the culture and the economic :we have to pay attention of the economic function of culture and the interaction between the culture and the economy because of the economization of the culture and the culturization of the economy.

随着消费社会的不断发展，经济与文化一体化的趋势日益加强：如果说以资本主义产业革命及工业大生产为代表的第二代生产力是以经济生产与文化艺术的对立、分离为特征的话，消费社会中第三代生产力的重要特征便是文化与经济崭新关系的建立：&文化的经济化&和&经济的文化化&，以及由之产生的当代&文化经济一体化&潮流使我们必须重视文化的经济功能和经济的文化含量。

It has an dialectical expression of between accuracy and blur,between elligence and earthliness, between preciseness and vividness, between normativity and artistry.

而这些特点又是在确切与模糊、庄重文雅与平易通俗、繁复周密与简洁明快、规范质朴与艺术审美等对立统一体中辨证体现出来的。

Results The value of NAA and Cho/Cr was decreased obviously.The NAA value,between benign and malignant tumor and between intracerebral and extracerebral tumor,had significant effectiveness.But the Cho and Cr value and the peak ratio of metabolites had no significant effectiveness between benign and malignant tumor and between intracerebral and extracerebral tumor.

结果：几乎所有颅脑肿瘤的NAA峰均下降，Cho/Cr下降；良恶性肿瘤之间、脑内外肿瘤之间的NAA峰值的比较差异有显著性，但其Cho、Cr峰值的比较及各代谢产物的峰值比值的比较差异无显著性。

To obtain precise result, itis necessary, in the aspect of hardware, to set up one stable optics system with highSNR, only if so, can we do the measurement with the steady NIR. To do so, we designthe optics system using AOTF, and take some measures to increase the light energyand the system SNR, which includes the three layers structure of the light chamber,the equipments to cover the useless light, polarizing to reduce the influence of 0 gradelight and focalize the light with lens. Apart from the hardware aspect, according to theexperiments, we can see that the different temperatures between at setting up themodels and at predicting the results will affect the prediction results in a way, and theaffection extent will be increased along with the increase of the temperaturedifference. Moreover, the light energy that can be detected will be different with thecontact pressure, and the match of the refractive indexes between the tissue and thesurroundings will enhance the light transmission depth, which will take moreinformation of the tissue. So, during the measurement, we should ensure the sametemperature between measuring and predicting, the same contact pressure at everymeasurement and the match of the indexes between the tissue and the surroundings aspossible as we can.

要提高测量精度，从硬件方面就必须有一个稳定的、信噪比较高的分光光路系统，以此得到稳定的近红外光来进行无创检测，针对这个目的，我们设计了 AOTF 分光光路系统，并在系统中采用一定的措施如三层灯室结构、遮光筒以减小杂散光、起偏和检偏来减小 0 级光影响、透镜汇聚等等来提高出射光的能量和系统的信噪比；从其他影响因素方面，通过实验，我们得到不同的建模温度对于预测结果有一定的影响，且影响随着温度的差值越大而越大，另外散反射光谱的能量也随着接触压力的不同而不同，组织的折射率与环境匹配将加大光的入射深度，从而能携带更多的组织信息，所以在测量时我们尽可能保证同一温度、保证同一接触压力以及利用物理或者化学的方法使组织与环境折射率匹配等。

As the results showed that the significant relation between TCBA and calcium or magnesium, mainly between glycocholic, glycochenocholic or taurocholic acids and calcium or magnesium, could be found in all three groups but there was not any obvious relation between TCBA and ferrum or zinc except between glycocholic acid and zinc in gallbladder stone group.

由此可见前列腺素在胆结石形成中占有重要地位。花生四烯酸是合成前列腺素的前体，它在环氧化酶作用下形成前列腺素。本研究证实在成石性胆囊胆汁中花生四烯酸的含量（0.09%）和阳性率（71.74%）明显高于对照组（0.02%，21.42%），P.05。说明成石性胆汁为合成前列腺素提供了前体物质。

In this paper, the requirement analysis, design and implementation of the system are introduced in detail.

此论文详细介绍了系统的需求分析，系统设计和具体实现。

In the context of economic globalization is increasingly deepening, China's economy can not be spared.

在经济全球化日益加深的背景下，中国经济不可能做到独善其身。