查询词典 backward difference

In the research on the backward-wave oscillation suppression the startoscillation current which is derived from Two-wave theory approximately is given up. Four typical un-uniform slow wave structures start-oscillation current equations are derived by backward-wave amplifing gain expressions with the Two-wave theory. Then the start-oscillation current rates I〓/I〓 between ununiform circuit and uniform circuit of the four structures have been got.

在返波抑制问题的研究中，从二波理论出发，抛弃了二波理论中从起振条件出发来得到起振电流近似表达式的方法，而是利用二波理论的基本关系式分别推导出了四种典型实用的非均匀输出线路的返波增益表达式，采用计算返波增益的方法来得到四种非均匀输出线路的起振电流与均匀输出线路起振电流的比值I〓/I〓。

The study suggested:(1) The behavior changing process should increase self-efficacy, let the stage progressive change continue to form the progressive model.(2) The behavior changing initial period should remove the behavioral barrier factors, avoid the backward change to form the backward model.(3) If the behavior maintains the behind stage, should promote perceived benefits, let the stage detrained to form the retain model.

本研究建议行为改变过程应增加自我效能，让阶段前进改变被持续而形成前进模式，改变初期应排除行为障碍因素，避免阶段向后改变而形成后退模式，行为若维持在后面阶段，应提升知觉和说，让阶段被滞留而形成维持模式。

PDA(particle dynamics analyzer system) was used to measure the flow velocity of particles in the XFD-12 flotation cell, the results show that tangential mean velocity in the radial direction changes from positive to negative in the flotation cell, naught point emerge in the medium of the radial direction ,it is where backward fluid emerge ,shear stress of backward fluid induce the particle detachment from bubbles .

汁算数据与实际矿石筛析结果都表明，紊流强度增大，泡沫中粗粒级含量减小。 4。用PDA在XFD-12型8L浮选机中测定的速度值，进行混合区、分离区、泡沫区紊流运动功率谱计算，得紊流脉动频率，混合区小于20Hz，分离区在20-30Hz之间，泡沫区在25-35Hz之间，浮选槽内紊流脉动以低频为主，且紊流脉动动能是混合区大于分离区大于泡沫区。

This paper research on the effect of investment with reserve for insurance price by theory of backward stochastic differential equation.Modeling the investment with backward stochastic differential equation and the resultts got.

本文利用倒向随机微分方程的理论，在考虑保险公司提计准备金的背景下研究投资对于保险价格的影响，建立了再保险投资定价的正倒向微分随机方程的模型，并给出了保险价格的显性解。

Through the technological calculation of the wind wheel and the analysis of the exerted force, stress and metal flowing status when drawing forward and backward, the forward and backward compound drawing die was designed and improved in its structure, which ensured the requirement of the part dimensions and eliminated some defects such as the material thickness becoming thinner.

通过对风轮本体的工艺计算及正反拉伸复合时的受力、应力及金属流动状态进行分析，设计并改进了正反拉伸复合模的结构，保证了零件尺寸要求，消除了料厚变薄等缺

However, the production situation in backward and backward class status easily lead to premature political action.

然而落后的生产状况和落后的阶级状况容易导致不成熟的政治行动。

However, development of cement industry will also face disadvantageous factors: 1 along with the coming of high cost epoch, continued rising in costs of coal, power, mineral resources, environment, human resource and capitals and the increase in social responsibilities that enterprises should take on will bring restricting factors to the investment and development of cement industry; 2 on the basis of the gradual increase of industrial concentration, market competition will change from the current competition between large enterprises and small enterprises and between new dry process and backward shaft kiln technology to the competition among large enterprises and among new dry processes, so the extent of market competition may further extend; 3 along with RMB increasing in value, demand decreasing in north America, new production lines in Middle east being put into operation and the persistent high price of international shipping, national cement export will face huge menace; backward flow of export products will certainly aggravate market competition in some areas.

但水泥行业的发展也将面临不利因素。一是随着高成本时代的到来，煤炭、电力、矿产资源、环境、人力、资金等成本的不断提高及企业所承担的社会责任的增加，将对水泥工业的投资和发展平添抑制因素；二是在产业集中度逐步提高的基础上，市场的竞争将由目前大企业与小企业、新型干法与落后立窑工艺之间的竞争转为大企业与大企业、新型干法与新型干法之间的竞争，市场竞争的程度有进一步加大的可能；三是随着人民币的升值、北美市场需求的下降、中东新生产线的投产及国际航运价格的居高不下，我国水泥出口将面临巨大的威胁，出口产品的回流，势必将加剧局部地区的市场竞争。

In the process of discretization of the auxiliary function, the traditional central difference formula is replaced by the backward difference formula, and numerical results show the method is of good stability.

在辅助函数的离散过程中用后向差分公式代替传统的中心差分公式，数值结果显示出良好的稳定性。

This scheme divides center difference to forward and backward one-side difference operators which are combined in 4-6 steps Runge-Kutta time integration.

此格式将中心差分算子分成前向和后向两个空间单边差分，然后在4-6步Runge-Kutta时间积分中使用单边差分组合。

If the starting point is so far out of focus that the sensor can't identify a phase difference, the camera racks the lens once forward and once backward to find a detectable difference.

如果起始点离聚焦点太远以至于对焦感应点无法确认相位差，相机会把镜头推拉各一次以获得可检测的相位差，否则就停止工作。

A strange and mysterious deep sea creature.

一种奇异、神秘的深海生物。

It's a yellow rectangle .

这是黄色的长方形。