查询词典 backward difference

However, with the vast market of a strong contrast, the Guangzhou local business model is backward.

然而，与此巨大的市场空间形成强烈反差的，却是广州本地经营模式的落后。

Abduction is a way of backward inference, it is the basic approach that people adopt in language cognition.

人们对语言的理解和解释就是在观察的基础上通过假设来回溯原因的推理过程。

The numerical results show that lossy dielectric-load can heighten the start oscillation current of absolute instability, and increase depends on the magnetic field strength and the perpendicular-to-parallel velocity ratio of the electrons; The thickness of the lossy waveguide increases the start oscillation length of backward wave oscillation.

结果表明：损耗介质的加载，可以提高绝对不稳定性起振电流，提高的幅度依赖于工作磁场偏离饱和磁场的程度、电子束横纵速度比等；增加波导损耗介质加载的厚度，可以提高竞争模式的回旋返波起振长度。

The formation mechanism of the absolute instability and gyrotron backward wave oscillations is analyzed, and the methods to suppress the parasitical modes are discussed.The nonlinear theory model of gyro-TWT is consummated by considering the influence of tapered magnetic field and waveguide radius, electron velocity spread, and waveguide loss on electron beam-wave interaction. The large-signal characteristic of gyro-TWT, such as launching loss and absolute instability, are also analyzed in detail. This work establishes the foundation for the development of a gyro-TWT amplifier.

重点研究了两段损耗波导结构和损耗陶瓷结构回旋行波管中的电子注-波互作用，分析了绝对不稳定性和回旋返波振荡的形成机制和抑制寄生模式的方法；完善了回旋行波管的非线性理论模型，并考虑了磁场和波导半径渐变、速度零散、波导损耗等因素对注-波互作用的影响；详细分析了发射损耗、相位稳定性等回旋行波管的大信号特征，为回旋行波管放大器的研制奠定了基础。

Therefore, the interaction structures with distributed wall losses and attenuating severs were more stability for absolute instability and gyrotron backward oscillations.

藉由引用非线性程式进行磁旋行波放大器稳定分析，结果显示散布式损耗(distributed-losses)的设计对绝对不稳定有明显的抑制作用，而隔离管结构亦具有减短磁旋返波振荡作用长度的效用，因此我们采用兼具隔离管及散布式损耗结构的磁旋行波放大器，同时提升绝对不稳定和磁旋返波振荡的稳定性。

However, operating of the high current, the output power, gain, and efficiency of gyro-TWT will be degraded where the absolute instability, gyrotron backward oscillation and reflective oscillation occur to cause mode competition. Stability issues comprise the key factors limiting the performance of the gyro-TWT.

对於高电流的影响，磁旋行波放大器将有可能引发绝对不稳定、磁旋返波振荡(gyrotron backward oscillation；gyro-BWO)及反射振荡，造成模式竞争而抑制原先操作模式的放大波，进而影响其输出功率、增益及效率。

This paper, with the analysis of the propagation characteristics in a lossy cylindrical waveguide and using small-signal theoretical dispersion relation, presents study on the device stability with influence of the absolute instability and the backward wave oscillation in TE01-mode lossy dielectric-load gyrotron traveling wave amplifier.

摘要该文从分析损耗介质加载金属圆波导中电磁波传输特性出发，应用回旋行波管放大器小信号色散方程，研究损耗介质加载结构TE01模回旋行波管放大器绝对不稳定性振荡和回旋返波振荡对器件稳定性的影响。

However, operating of the high current, the output power, gain, and efficiency of gyro-TWT will be degraded where the absolute instability, gyrotron backward oscillation and reflective oscillation occur to cause mode competition. Stability issues comprise the key factors limiting the performance of the gyro-TWT, therefore physical origins of spontaneous oscillations in the gyro-TWT are analyzed and characterized.

然而受限於操作高电流，磁旋行波放大器可能引发绝对不稳定性、磁旋返波振荡(gyrotron backward oscillation；gyro-BWO)及反射振荡，造成模式竞争而抑制原先操作模式的放大波，进而影响其输出功率、增益及效率。

Basing on analyzing a few pictures, this article tries to backward the history of the spring and the shaping of this motif, to study the intercommunion between patterns, to discuss the relationship between the symbolization and the formation, and between the symbolization and the headspring, to expatiate its importance in the aesthetic way, and to draw the conclusions 1, consistent in forms, acanthus scroll origins from the lotus ornament.

本文试图围绕莨苕叶饰漩涡纹样这一重要的装饰母题，依据图例，追溯这一纹样的起源和成形，考察成形中图案在时间和空间上形成交流的原因和意义，讨论象征意义和起源之间的关系以及象征意义与形式之间的关系，以及阐述这一纹样的成形与演变在审美上的意义，来展开对图案的本体问题的讨论。

A character is like an acrostic or Alexandrian stanza---read it forward,backward, or cross, it still spells the same thing.

个性就像一首离合诗或亚历山大诗节，无论是顺读，逆读，还是挑着读，拼起来后得到的是相同的东西。

He has to relate with three women in the movie, and yet remain implicitly faithful to the unseen Lucinda.

让克劳德布里亚里成功地饰演试验了一个难度很大的角色：和三个女人打交道，但还要底下对观众未曾谋面的卢馨达保持忠诚。

The experiment was conducted to study effects of inulin on the growth performance, indices of immune organs and serum immunoglobulin of laying chicklings as well as the performance of inulin which replaced the antibiotics in diets by adding 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% of inulin, respectively.

试验旨在通过在蛋用雏鸡日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.8%的菊粉，研究菊粉对蛋雏鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和血清免疫球蛋白的影响，以及菊粉替代抗生素对蛋雏鸡的应用效果。