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Article 15 A local government at or above the county level shall compile the draft budget and draft final accounts at the corresponding level, makes report on the draft general budget at the corresponding level to the people's congress at the corresponding level, submit for the record the totalized general budget submitted by the next lower level to the standing committee of the people's congress at the corresponding level for the record, organize the implementation of the general budget at the corresponding level, make decisions to draw on reserve funds of the budget at the corresponding level, work out the adjustment plan for the budget at the corresponding level, supervise the budget implementation by the departments at the corresponding level and by the government at the next lower level, alter or annul inappropriate decisions and orders made by the departments at the corresponding level and the government at the next lower level on budget or final accounts, and submit report to the people's congress at the corresponding level or its standing committee on the implementation of the general budget at the corresponding level.

第十五条县级以上地方各级政府编制本级预算、决算草案；向本级人民代表大会作关于本级总预算草案的报告；将下一级政府报送备案的预算汇总后报本级人民代表大会常务委员会备案；组织本级总预算的执行；决定本级预算预备费的动用；编制本级预算的调整方案；监督本级各部门和下级政府的预算执行；改变或者撤销本级各部门和下级政府关于预算、决算的不适当的决定、命令；向本级人民代表大会、本级人民代表大会常务委员会报告本级总预算的执行情况。

Specially, the author hopes to find whether the financial system development promotes the provincial per capita, the accumulation of provincial savings, the formation of provincial capital, the advancing of productivity, the bettering of industrial structure and the shaping of firms. Finally, according to the result of the empirical study, the author brings forward the Contradiction of Chinese Financial System Development during transition period. To explain the Contradiction, the author puts forward a hypothesis: time consistency and institution coupling of the optimal system arrangements. Within the hypothesis framework, the author analyses and explains the contradiction's essential, and seeks the reason of Chinese financial system development's path formation during transition period. After judging the efficiency of Chinese financial system development prudentially, the author gives his advices on how to drive Chinese financial system to the"Growth-Enhancing Financial System Development"path. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. It consists of as follows: Part I includes foreword and Chapter One"the review of financial development theory and literature". In foreword, the author expounds the fundamental definition and basic theory. In Chapter One, the author first analyses the"finance-growth"nexus in theory, and which constitutes the foundation of the concrete mechanism of finance affecting growth.

首先对金融发展与经济增长的关系在理论上进行了梳理，指出金融发展能够促进经济增长，金融是现代经济增长的"第一推动力"；其次将这种理论关系分解，借助当前本领域的最新研究方法和工具从宏观和微观层面验证转轨时期中国各地区金融发展与经济增长传导机制的效果，即金融体系的发展是否有效地促进了各地区人均产值的增加、储蓄的积累、资本的形成、生产力的提高、产业结构的调整以及企业的成长；最后在实证检验的基础上提出"中国金融发展悖论"，并在"最优制度安排的动态一致性与制度耦合"假说的框架内来分析中国金融发展悖论的真实内涵以及中国金融发展路径形成的原因，审慎评价转轨时期中国金融体系的发展效率，初步探讨了中国金融体系走向"推动经济增长"金融发展道路，指出实现金融对现代经济的"第一推动力"作用所应努力的方向。

The author illustrates the economic function of public sections, and analyses the cause of public disbursement, and also constructs the optimal scale of public disbursement. The author also summarizes the reform experiences of foreign countries. Then the author presents the managerial system of the budget in our country, which we can know the necessity of this treasury reform. After this, the author illustrates the correlative contents of TSA, such as standard process and the occasion of this reform. The author puts forward four capital modes, which accords with our instance. They are basic pattern of central government to senior budget units, basic pattern of central government to skeleton budget, basic pattern of financial direct disbursement and basic pattern of financial accredit disbursement. The author also advises a new effect modes can be put into practice after treasury banks come into existence. In this article, we can pick up the appraisals and advices of this reform. At last, the author puts theory into practice, brings forward that we can remain the capital using rights in colleges, but we should constitute capital managerial committee to masterfinancial capital, and carry out a new mode at colleges, which is like TSA.

本文作者从公共部门的经济职能入手，分析了公共支出规模扩张的原因以及公共支出最优规模的确定；然后又从已实行国库集中支付制国家的具体操作过程中，得出一些对我国国库改革有益的经验；文章介绍了我国预算管理体制改革的历程，从中可以看出实施国库集中支付制度的必要性，接着阐明了该项制度在我国的现行基本操作程序、我国推行国库集中支付制度的时机分析等一系列与该制度相关的内容；作者根据我国国情和资金的使用性质分别提出了中央对一级预算单位、二级预算单位以及财政直接支付、财政授权支付的四种资金拨付方式，文中还建议在成立国库银行后，实行在全国范围内更有效的单一资金拨付模式；文章接着分析了该制度的实施效果评价，并对国库集中支付制度的实施提出了政策建议；笔者最后将理论用于具体的实际中，针对现在高校一方面存在资金管理问题，另一方面又对在高校内实施国库集中支付制度持消极态度，提出将资金的使用拨付权留在高校，但需要成立资金管理委员会，在高校内部实行类似于全国范围内的国库集中支付制度的模式。

UDZ Series liquid level indicator of flap disassembly fast and convenient, the installation position can be arbitrary choice, free to change the direction of observation, thus instrumented great visibility; UDZ series of cost-effective liquid level was significantly higher than that used multiple sets of glass plate liquid level of cost performance; UDZ series of liquid level indicator, the sender's device, as well as the liquid level with the main transmission medium within the complete separation of the measured structural design, so that level gauge in the job has pressure (up to 320KG), toxic and inflammable conditions, with absolute safety and reliability; UDZ-3 type uses innovative design, improve the sensitivity of the sensor, and its near-zero drift FarEasTone signals and long-term stability so that it has always been at the scene consistent level instructions; sensors and the main body has a certain interval, which can be solved effectively under high-temperature liquids (up to 480 ) remote detection and control; antifrost type UDZ Series Level Gauge, are I plant the patented product (Patent No.: ZL00221022 3), guarantees that the use of cryogenic liquid level gauge is not freezing (such as liquid CO2), the effective guarantee of the level of a normal job.

UDZ系列液位计的翻板指示器拆装快捷方便，安装方位可任意选择，观察方向可随意改动，因而仪表指示的可视度很大；UDZ系列液位计的性能价格比明显高于采用多组玻璃板式液位计的性能价格比；UDZ系列液位计的指示器，发讯器、以及液位变送均与主体内被测介质完全隔离的结构设计，使液位计工作在有压（可达320KG）、有毒和易燃的工况下，具有绝对的安全性和可靠性；UDZ-3型采用了新颖设计，提高了传感器的灵敏度，其远传信号近乎零温漂和长期稳定性使其始终于现场液位指示保持一致；传感器和主体有一定的间隔，因而能有效地解决高温液体（可达480℃）远距离检测和控制；防霜型UDZ系列液位计，是我厂的专利产品（专利号：ZL00221022·3），保证了在低温液体上使用液位计不结冰（如液体CO2），有效的保证了液位计的正常工作。

There exits several MDO algorithms. But they are in our opinion either nonefficient or complicated. So we devised an algorithm called Subspace Approximation Optimization . In the SAO algorithm, the whole system is decomposed into one system-level optimization and several disciplinary optimizations so that a large and complicated problem can be divided into several easy-solving sub-problems. The coupling relationships and the coordination among disciplines are presented by equality constraints and these equality constraints are assigned to relevant disciplines. The optimums of design variables in system level optimization are transferred to discipline level optimization. The optimums of design variables in discipline level correspond to the point that is the nearest to the optimums of design variables in system level. If the optimums of design variables in system level are out of feasible region of discipline 1eve1, linear constraints can be built in the system level optimization using the design variable optimums obtained by the discipline level optimization. The system level optimization would improve the design of the whole system with these linear constraints.

目前，国内外已经发展出了多种飞机多学科设计优化算法，本文的重点是针对协同优化算法的不足，提出了子空间近似优化算法(Subspace ApproximatingOptimization，SAO)，SAO算法中，整个系统的优化问题被分解成一个系统级优化和若干学科级优化，而各个学科之间的耦合与权衡关系则被当作等式约束，这些等式约束将被分配到各个学科级优化中去，系统级优化的任务是寻找整个系统的最优解，而学科级优化的目标函数是以系统级优化分配下来的设计点为圆心的超球半径的平方，因此，如果系统级优化分配下来的设计点在学科级优化可行域内，则学科级优化目标函数为0，反之，则学科级优化的最优点是系统级优化当前设计点距离可行域最近的点。

Main Products: Flat water level gauge, two-color water level gauge, water level controller electrode, the electrode water-level alarm, special ballasts, electrode-type boiler water level automatic control alarm, float-type automatic control of boiler water level alarm, water tank level display device, liquid level controllers, hot-water boiler alarm, high water tank display controller, display controller pool water level, Water heating system controller.

主要产品：平板水位计、双色水位计、电极水位控制器、电极水位报警器、专用镇流器、电极式锅炉水位自动控制报警器、浮球式锅炉水位自动控制报警器、水箱液位显示仪、液位控制器、热水锅炉报警器、高位水箱显示控制器、水池水位显示控制器、供热系统补水控制器。

It is proposed that clear definition and discrimination of some relevant concepts and relationships on sea level and sea level change, eustasy and relative sea level, high frequency sea level and composite sea level, sea level rising falling, sea level fluctuation and sea level oscillation, sea level change and transgressive ...

对利用沉积记录来研究海平面变化的重视程度很高，但对海平面变化对沉积盆地的影响注意甚少。建议关注海平面升降变化对盆地充填物的作用，对沉积型矿床的控制和对大陆边缘地壳变形的反弹作用过程的研究及定量模拟是一个重要方向，它可能为大陆边缘动力学研究提供一方面的思路。

The company's main products are: single-color boiler water level gauge glass, quartz glass single two-color series of water level table; Maglev Series Direct Reading and Remote Level Gauge, magnetostrictive liquid level meter, electrode contact point and dual-listed water level gauge, inductive level sensors, external ultrasonic level gauge and a variety of liquid level sensor transmitter and control Alarm, etc. more than 10 types of level instrumentation.

公司的主要产品有：玻璃板单双色锅炉水位计、石英玻璃管式单双色系列水位表；磁浮式系列直读和远传液位计、磁致伸缩液位计、电极点及双联系列水位计、电感式水位传感器、外置式超声波液位计以及各种液位传感变送器，控制报警仪等十多个种类的物位仪表。

At last, the three level development strategies of commercial bank's enterprise pension business were proposed by using strategic management theory. These three level strategies are the corporate level strategies, the business level strategies and the operational level strategies. On the corporate level strategies, financial holding group model could be used to provide comprehensive enterprise pension service. On the business level strategies, the competitive strategies of differentiation and focus and the cooperative strategies used in the development of mixed management could be applied. On the operational level strategies, seven marketing development methods were proposed. They are fulfilling the construction of enterprise pension marketing channel, strengthening overall marketing and linkage marketing; differentiating customers and markets using multi-level marketing skill; strengthening advertisement of enterprise pension knowledge, developing potential customers of enterprise pension and etc.

最后，文章运用战略管理的理论方法全面提出了商业银行企业年金业务的三个层次发展战略：在公司层战略上，提出以金融控股集团模式提供企业年金综合服务；在业务层战略上，提出了以差异化和集中化为主的竞争战略和贯穿于混业经营发展过程中的合作战略；在经营层战略上提出了完善企业年金的营销渠道建设，加强整体营销、联动营销；细分客户、细分市场，采取多层次营销策略；加强企业年金知识的宣传普及，挖掘企业年金潜在客户等七大发展策略。

By applying psychological measurement methods, the author compared volition quality between short track speed skaters with difference sports performances and genders in order to gain an insight into if there is a dif-ference in volition quality between them, and revealed the following findings: in terms of objective clearness male skaters at international master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at national master sportsman level, but in terms of renitency male skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at international mas-ter sportsman level; female skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to level 1 female skaters in terms of renitency, determination, confidence and total score, and differences between them are significant; furthermore, by comparing volition quality between male and female skaters, the author found that in terms of toughness male skaters are superior to female skaters, and the difference is significant, but in terms of other 5 factors and total score, differences between them are not significant.

摘 要：采用心理测量法，从不同运动水平、不同性别短道速滑运动员意志品质的比较入手，了解其意志品质是否存在差别。结果表明：男子国际健将运动员在目标清晰维度上好于男子国家健将级运动员，但在顽强性维度上，国家健将级运动员好于国际健将级运动员；女子国家健将级运动员在顽强性、果断性、自信心3个维度和总分上均好于女子一级运动员，两者差异具有显著性；此外，比较男、女运动员之间的意志品质，发现男运动员在坚韧性维度上好于女运动员，差异显著，但在其他5个维度及总分上，两者差别不具有显著性意义。

The role of the environment is very important.

的作用，环境是非常重要的。

At that time, the High Court of England and Wales Court of Queen's Bench president of William Murray, Lord Mansfield in June 22, 1772 ruling:"No matter then there is the inconvenience, but there must be a decision, I can not say that this case under the law in England are permitted or authorized; are so black should be released."

当时的英格兰及威尔士高等法院王座法庭院长William Murray， Lord Mansfield于1772年6月22日宣判：「无论有那麽不便，但总要有个决定，我不能说这件案在英格兰法律之下是准许或认可；所以黑人是应该被释放。