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It is also found that for noble metals'(111) surface the impact of substitutional impurities on surface vacancy formation energy depends on the impurities' cohesive energy, atomic radius and alloy heats of solution.C.

贵金属(111)表面杂质替位对表面空位形成能的影响则主要取决于替位杂质的凝聚能、原子半径以及合金溶解热。

Because the atomic radius of Ce was larger,adding trace amounts of the Ce to the alloy causes distortion of lattice parameter.

由于Ce原子半径大，Ce的添加可使合金点阵参数发生畸变，合金强度、硬度得到进一步提高，并有助于提高触点材料的耐磨性。

The Ew of 94 neutral atoms and 109 ions were calculated by the essential parameters (mass, quantity of electricity, atomic or ionic radius and number of the outermost electrons).

较好地说明周期表中元素性质、离子性质及其周期性递变规律，可作为定量某些元素性质的基础数据，有一定的理论意义和应用价值。

The evaporation fields of metal atoms in the STM configuration have been calculated on the base of the binding energy of the atom on the tip, the total ionization energy of the atom, surface work function, the atomic radius and tip-sample distance.

本文的理论计算表明所需的外加电场强度决定于针尖原子的结合能，原子总的离化能，表面功函数，原子直径以及针尖和样品间距等。

The heavy elements in the theory of spontaneous metamorphosis immediate sensation around the world ;(4) is proposed to estimate the Earth's radiation age;(5) from the charge-mass ratio α which is derived helium ions;(6) from the scattering of α Bighorn recognized atomic mass concentrated in a radius of 10-12 meters in the nuclear, on positively charged core surrounded by negatively charged electrons;(7) with natural α-particles from the nitrogen nuclei in the outgoing protons, this is the first time human beings to change the chemical elements of artificial nuclear reactions;(8) predicted that heavy hydrogen and neutron sub-existence .

这一重元素自发蜕变理论立即轰动全世界；（4）提出用放射性估算地球年龄；（5）从α的荷质比得出它是氦离子；（6）从α大角散射认识到原子质量集中在半径为10－12米的核上，核带正电，周围是带负电的电子；（7）用天然α粒子从氮原子核中打出质子，这是人类第一次实现改变化学元素的人工核反应；（8）预言重氢子和中子存在。

After analyzing the difference of orbit electron distribution, valence electron number, atomic radius between impurity M and Cu, we clarify that the unusual low temperature property of heavy electron system CeCu〓M〓 not only come from the"size effect"of impurity, the magnetism, valence electron number of impurity also play an important role.

各杂质掺杂对CeCu〓低温性质的影响是由杂质自身性质所决定的，通过分析不同杂质的轨道电子分布、价电子数目、原子半径与Cu原子的区别，结合实验结果，证明重电子系统CeCu〓M〓的低温性质不但与杂质的尺寸效应有关，而且杂质的磁性、价电子数也起重要的作用。

Transition metal coordinate polymer researchHas summarized the transition metallic element chemical fundamentals, including the atomic radius, the physical property, the chemical activity and the stable oxidation state change rule, forms the preparation the tendency.

过渡金属配位聚合物研究概况简述了过渡金属元素化学基础，包括原子半径，物理性质，化学活性及稳定氧化态变化规律，形成配合物的倾向。

Based on the effects of atomic radius on the Curie temperature, new bismuth layer-structured piezoelectric ceramics Ca〓〓Bi〓Ti〓O〓 with high Curie temperatures and piezoelectric activities were obtained by A-site substitution for Ca.

本论文从取代原子半径对居里温度的影响入手，利用碱金属原子Li，Na，K和Ce原子复合取代层数m=4的铋层状铁电体CaBi〓Ti〓O〓中位于A位的Ca原子，在保持材料高居里温度的前提下获得了压电系数d〓明显改善的铋层状结构压电陶瓷。

The results indicate that the effect of alloying elements V and Cr on mechanical properties at room-temperature, creep behavior and microstructures are similar. With increasing contents of V and Cr, their mechanical properties produce little change, the creep resistant property decreases and microstructure grows, which is mainly due to their characteristics of β-stability element and smaller atomic radius compared with Ti. On the contrary, the effects of V and Cr on the thermal stability are quite different. With increasing V content or decreasing Cr content the thermal stability for the alloy becomes better, which may be due to the different solution characteristics of V and Cr element in titanium alloy that V belongs to isomorphous β-stability element and Cr belongs to eutectoid β-stability element.

结果表明：合金元素V和Cr对Ti40合金室温力学性能、蠕变行为和组织的影响具有相似性，即随V和Cr含量的降低，合金室温综合力学性能变化不明显、抗蠕变能力减弱、组织粗化：这与V和Cr同属于β稳定元素、且原子半径都小于Ti原子有关；而V和Cr对于热稳定性能的影响则完全相反，V含量的增加或Cr含量的降低含金热稳定性能优化，其主要原因可能与V属于同品型β稳定元素而Cr属于共析型β稳定元素有关。

All the compositions satisfy the same electron concentration $e/a$=1.5 and average atomic radius 0.1496 nm as those of the Zr$_{60}$Al$_{20}$Ni$_{20}$ bulk metallic glasses.

根据等电子浓度和等原子尺寸判据设计了四种Zr--Ti--Al--Ni系合金，并用激光诱导燃烧合成的方法制备了材料。

They have quite a lot of work to do.

他们有许多工作要做。

Let us give you a more elaborate example of this process.

让我们给你这个过程的更多的详细例子。