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The Criminal Law stipulates that whoever disturbs public order so seriously that "work, production, business, education or scientific research cannot be conducted and the state and society suffer serious losses"; whoever assembles a crowd to disturb "order at stations, wharves, civil airports, market places, public parks, theatres, cinemas, exhibition halls, sports grounds or other public Places", or assembles a crowd to block traffic or undermine traffic order or resist "public security administration personnel of the state" or obstruct them "from carrying out their duties according to law, if the circumstances are serious";"whoever causes a person's injury, disability or death through 'beating, smashing and looting'" and whoever destroys or forcibly takes "articles of ppublic or private property";"whoever, by violence or other methods, including the use of 'big character posters' and 'small character posters'","publicly insults another person or fabricates facts to defame him, if the circumstances are serious";"whoever, for the purpose of counterrevolution," incites "the masses to resist or sabotage the implementation of the state's laws or decrees" or propagandizes for and incites "the overthrow of the political power of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the socialist system through counterrevolutionary slogans, leaflets or by other means" and commits a crime in violation of the Criminal Law shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

因'打砸抢'致人伤残、死亡的"，"毁坏或者抢走公私财物的"；"以暴力或者其他方法，包括用'大字报'、'小字报'，公然侮辱他人或者捏造事实诽谤他人，情节严重的"；"以反革命为目的"，"煽动群众抗拒、破坏国家法律、法令实施的"，"以反革命标语、传单或者其他方法宣传煽动推翻无产阶级专政的政权和社会主义制度的，都是触犯刑律的犯罪行为，都要依法追究法律责任。

The substance of tax is non-consideration debt in the public law. The people as the whole of the taxpayers are the debtors who are entitled to ask the government as the debtee to provide public goods when they have paid for the taxes. While the government is the substantial debtee who can legitimately request the people as the debtors to pay in way of taxpaying for the expenses and prices of the public goods they have enjoyed when it has provided public goods to the people.

税在形式上直观表现为纳税人的财产向政府的无偿转移和让渡，既然税是对私人财产权的一种"剥夺"，"为何要课征税收，其正当根据是什么，这是在税收的历史上，很早就一直阐述的问题"〔1」(P15)对税收关系表象下的税之本质，恰恰是论证国家为何要课税，国民为何要纳税等税之存在的正当性、合理性和必然性的首要问题。

Positively answering and scientifically disposing public accident,so that forming emergency supervision with unified command,homogeneous function,rapid response and high duty,advancing the ability of insuring public safety and disposing public accident,is key job that government entirety abode function enhance society supervision and public service,is an importance mission for constructing chime social.

积极应对和科学处置突发公共事件，形成统一指挥、功能齐全、反应灵敏、运转高效的应急管理机制，提高保障公共安全和处置突发事件的能力，是政府全面履行职能，特别是加强社会管理和公共服务职能的一项重要工作，也是构建和谐社会的一项重要任务。

Next, I analysis the characteristics of publicness in museums, and elicit the characteristics of it. The first is intercommunity, it means that the cultural heritage belongs to the public as a whole; the second is opening, that the museum is a public domain ,and it has responsibilities in the public education; the third is participation, the public participate in the museum is a performance of him to exercises his right, and can make education more effectively.

其次，对博物馆公共性的特点进行理论分析，得出博物馆公共性的三个特点，第一是共同性，也就是说文化遗产是归全体人民所有的；第二是开放性，即博物馆是一个公开开放的公共领域，并且它在公众教育方面负有重要的责任；第三是可参与性，公众参与到博物馆中来，是公众行使自身权利的表现，同时公众参与可以使博物馆教育的效果更好。

The effective distribution of the public land bears the realization of government responsibility, and there is such logicality between them. To realize the responsibility of government needs to perform the governmental functions. Public service is the main part of the transformation of governmental functions. Providing public service should also be based on public land.

有效配置公共用地承载了政府责任的实现，两者之间蕴含着这样的逻辑关系：实现政府责任需要履行政府职能，公共服务是政府职能转型的主要方面，提供公共服务又必须以公共用地为基础。

Moreover, mercerization and socialization are the tendency of the public security working development. Based on the tendency and problem, the paper argues that we will construct a new society public security system. The new system will based on community society public security, combines government management and public ...

应基于社会公共安全体系发展的趋势和问题，以社区治安为基础，发挥公众和社会组织的功能，重新整合公共安全要素，在中国公共行政制度创新的压力下，构建一个政府管理与公众参与相结合、社会化和市场化相结合的新型社会公共安全体系。

Key factors to be considered, in addition to differences in economic conditions and affluence, include:* The National State—its centralization and population diversity * Reliance on Market Processes—acceptance of public regulation of economic activity * Conceptions of Property and Ownership Rights—extent of public land ownership * Environmental Risk Perceptions and Tolerances—experience with man-made disasters * Systems of Land Use Controls—quality of record-keeping and public disclosure of land conditions * Public Policy Decision-Making Processes—and the extent of neighbourhood influence over decisions * Extent of 'Economic Development'—coverage of basic needs, and population migration patterns

除了经济条件和富裕情况的不同，需考虑的主要因素包括：(1)国家的状况——中央集权和人口的多样性；(2)对市场的依赖——对经济活动的公共规则的接受；(3)财产和所有权的概念——公共土地所有权的程度；(4)对环境风险的感知和承受力——人为灾难的经验；(5)土地使用控制系统——档案记录的质量和土地信息的公开；(6)公共政策的决策过程——以及邻里之间对决策的影响程度；(7)"经济发展"的程度——满足基本需求的程度和人口的迁移模式。

Along with budget accountancy the variety of the environment, current accountancy of the government check foundation to exist the demand that can't adapt a public finance system reform, didn't reflect governmental funds sport completely, and current public finance budget the management and reform don't went with in response to;Can't reflect governmental financial standing completely from the angle of finance, in the aspects of guarding against a public finance liabilities risk the existence serious blemish, can't body now governmental"recessiveness obligation";Can't provide more government accountancy's informations toward the public and the direct section;Disadvantage in research with international usual practice comparison, indirectly cause government's efficiency lowly wait many problems.

随着预算会计环境的变化，现行政府会计的核算基础存在着不能适应财政体制改革的需要，没有全面反映政府的资金运动，与当前的财政预算管理和改革不相适应；不能从财务的角度全面反映政府的财务状况，在防范财政负债风险方面存在严重的缺陷，无法体现政府的"隐性债务"；不能向公众和监督部门提供更多的政府会计信息；不利于与国际惯例比较研究，间接导致政府效率低下等诸多问题。

According to economic and minimum of transaction cost principle, we must try hard to seek equilibrium of supply among government, market and Non-profit organization and establish diversification of institution arrangement and polycentric system of provision of public goods and public-private rivalship and partnership so as to achieve social optimization of supply of public goods and to meet people's needs and realize public interests.

根据资源优化配置的经济合理性原则和交易成本最小化原则，努力寻求政府、市场和非营利组织在公共物品供给领域的均衡点，构建公共物品提供的政府、市场、非营利组织复合型制度安排与公共物品供给的多中心体制和互补机制；建立政府与市场、政府与非营利组织的竞争——合作伙伴关系，以达到公共物品供给的社会整体最优，满足人们需要、实现公共利益。

The public hospital groups feasibility analysis and the group government structure analysis introduced the basic content of modem company government theory, and thought the hospital group exterior government was most basic, and at the same time the most important constituent of the group management. By the means of Fisher separation theorem under complete capital market, it proved the importance of the organization existence and strict implementation, on which we proposed the best government structure of public hospital groups. And through the hospital group prestige model, it further explained the public hospital execution group management is the effective method to remold the public hospital property right, and to solute property right problem.

公立医院集团化的可行性分析及集团治理架构介绍了现代公司治理理论的基本内容，认为医院集团的外部治理是集团治理中最基本的同时也是最重要的组成部分，通过完备资本市场下的Fisher分离定理论证了，在公立医院的国有资产管理中代理机构存在和实施严格管理的重要性，提出了笔者设想中的公立医院集团的治理架构，并通过医院集团声誉模型进一步说明公立医院施行集团化经营是重新塑造公立医院产权主体、解决产权虚置问题的一种可供选择的有效手段。

You can get the best service in the first-class cabin, but you pay for it.

在头等舱可以得到最好的服务，但那是你付钱买来的。

It will make the characters of ethnical and local culture eliminated. On the other hand, this tendency stimulates the arousal of the selfconsciousness of ethnical and local culture. The selfconsciousness comes from the recognition, that is the global culture be a combination of kinds of local culture, not a one kind of culture.

民族和地区&的概念从来就是与&全球的概念相伴的，人类文化的全球化趋势同时也促进了民族性和地区性文化意志的勃兴和加强，它们构成了多种文化并存的全球文化体系中的有机组成部分。