查询词典 acceleration time

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

In addition, we find the standard DGP model has a late-time self-acceleration solution and its equation of state w

这些结果都非常的有意思，能够很好的与今天的天体实验观测符合，给出加速膨胀的宇宙的解释，从而预测未来的宇宙演化。

At the same time, ambient temperature changes affect the acceleration of the method There is a certain measurement error, but the error of law stronger, from the basic structure, measuring principle, numerical and other aspects of the process of measuring the inclination and measurement system The structure of error correction for analysis.

同时，由于环境温度变化时对加速度计的影响，该方法存在一定的测量误差，但误差分布规律性较强，因此从基本结构、测量原理、数值计算等方面对倾斜度测量的过程和测量系统结构误差的校正进行分析。

The paper induces the contents and methods of investigating passengers" data, researches passenger countering on footplate based on acceleration, dealings with the data by "move" with time and eliminates the variances of adjacent data by cubic spline interpolation, then obtains the passengers" arrival rate, get off rate and throughput in the whole period by programming, which gives pursuant to dispatching.

论文研究了公交数据的调查内容和方法，并探讨了基于压力变化率的踏板式乘客计数器的设计原理；对客流数据按时间进行"平移"处理，再用三次样条插值法来消除相邻统计时段之间的差异，并编程求出整个时间段内光滑的乘客到达率、下车率以及断面通过率，作为公交调度的依据。

Analysing the reasons of floating for objects in the reference system of non-inertia, the paper discusses the relationship between the depth and time, as well as the floating object and its acceleration, these relationships will provide convinient to explain some questions of the hydrostatics.

摘要通过分析浮体在非惯性参考系中浮沉的原因，探讨浮沉的深度与时间的关系、浮沉体积与加速度的关系，这些关系将给解释一些流体静力学问题带来方便。

In the beginning of the century, the people showed the spirit of developing and creation by the leader of the CPC, but showed the inadaptability at the same time, with the perfection of the socialism market economy system and the acceleration of the whole world economy and the goal for the cooperatively good living standard was proposed at the 16th National Congress of the CPC.

世纪之初，随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善、经济全球化的不断加速以及十六大全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的提出，我国人民在党的领导下既表现出了勇敢的开拓与创新精神，也凸现出了极大的不适应现象。

Afterwards, we propose a new constant coefficients measurement method in dynamic equation of robot manipulators, this measurement method includes three groups of experiments: group one, let each joint of robot manipulator keep static to measure the constant coefficients in gravity term of dynamic equation and Coulomb frictional torque, group two: let only one joint of robot manipulator move at a constant velocity to measure the viscous frictional coefficient and constant coefficients in effective inertia of dynamic equation, group three: let only one joint of robot manipulator move at constant acceleration at a time to measure constant coefficients in Coriolis and centrifugal term and coupling inertia of dynamic equation.

让操作器单个关节恒速运动，在对驱动系统中传动机构，减速装置和电感系数综合考虑的基础上，这组实验对粘滞摩擦系数及有效惯量中常数系数进行测量。这种测量方法只要求旋转关节的驱动电机施加恒定电压，回转关节驱动电机施加正弦波电压。3。让操作器单个关节恒加速运动，这组实验测量动力学方程中哥氏力、离心力项和耦合惯量项中的常数系数，这种测量方法只要求单个关节匀加速运动，而其它各关节保持静止，这种测量方法虽然要求关节匀加速运动，但不必进行关节角加速度检测，而只需进行关节角位移和角速度检测即可，输入量直接给定为输入电压。

According to the results,100℃ isothermal annealing is the most effective,and the time of isochronal annealing is the shortest.The acceleration factor could be determined via the comparison of 25℃ with 100℃ isothermal annealing.

研究表明：10 0℃等温退火是最有效的，等时退火所需的全过程时间最短，通过 2 5℃与 10 0℃等温退火结果的比较，可以确定此种器件的加速因子。

In mechanics kinematics, Jacobin matrix may be calculated and simplified by vector constructing; Inverse solution and its restricting condition be given; Forward solution be solved by new-raphson method. The method need shorter time than optimization and has a lot of advantages in applying program; some relationship of velocity, acceleration, force and error of mapping from input to output have been given. Analyzing of theory base these researches.

在机构运动学研究方面，通过矢量构造的方式计算出了速度雅克比矩阵，简化了计算量；给出了机构位置逆解的计算过程及约束条件；利用Newton—Raphson法计算出了机构位置的正解，该算法比优化法计算时间短，而且利于实际编程；给出了机构输入、输出端速度、力、误差的映射关系，这些研究是机构理论分析的基础。

The displacement,velocity and acceleration of linear motor could be measure simultaneously by this system,and the transient response time could also be determined.

系统能够同时测量并绘制出超声电机运行过程中的位移、速度和加速度曲线，方便确定其响应时间，且具有实现简单、操作方便、易于扩展等特点。

I go to school at night.

我是上上学。

Clear Tip Nasal Aspirator: A soft time and gentle suction action makes removing excess mucus easy.

鼻吸明确提示：一个柔软的时间和温柔吸力行动使消除过剩的粘液容易。