查询词典 Nature

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从&五四&到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族&血性&的传承方面。

Condemned those who say Christ offered His sacrifice to the Father alone, and not to himself and to the Holy Spirit; those who say the sacrifice of the Divine Liturgy is only figuratively the sacrifice of Christ's body and blood; those who deny that the sacrifice in the Liturgy is one and the same as that of Christ on the cross; those who say men were reconciled to the Son through the incarnation and to the Father through the passion; those who think the deification of Christ's humanity destroyed his human nature; those who deny that his deified human nature is worthy of worship; those who say that, since the human nature of Christ was swallowed up into Divinity, his passion was an illusion; those who say that characteristics of Christ's human nature (creaturehood, circumscription, mortality, and blameless passions) exist only hypothetically, when one considers Christ's human nature in abstraction, and not really and truly.

谴责那些说基督所提供的，他的牺牲给父亲独自，而不是他本人及圣灵；那些说要牺牲神圣的礼拜仪式，只是形象地牺牲了基督的身体和血液；那些否认说，在牺牲礼仪是同一个，因为基督在十字架上；那些说男人得子，透过化身，并给父亲通过激情；那些认为神化基督的人类摧毁了他的人性；那些否认他神化人性的，是值得的崇拜；人士说，由于人性的基督被吞噬成神，他的激情是一种错觉；那些说特色基督的人性（ creaturehood ， circumscription ，死亡率，和无可指责的激情），只存在理论上，当一个人认为基督的人性抽象，而不是实实在在地。

The second half inspects SciTech from the four angles of the wholeness of the system of human nature: from the angle of self, as the production of making use of objects by self, SciTech can be in favor of self or dissever self, which, the author thinks, is little helpful to the consolidation and transcendence of self; from the angle of individuality, for its aim is to eliminate individuality and to pursue commonness, there is distinct conflict between SciTech and individuality; from the angle of valueness, only have been the means of affirming and realizing the value of human nature and the purpose of personality, can SciTech have internal legitimacy; from the angle of sublimatity, human's right and rational needs make SciTech impel development of human nature healthfully, lust which is the distortion of needs make the trap, and technologizing the human nature will never be the way and aim of sublimating human nature.

下部分从人性系统整体性的四个角度考察；从自我看，科技作为自我"假于外物"的产物而推动或肢解自我，对自我的整合和提升少有实质性作用；从个性看，它是销匿个性而寻求共性的结果，与个性之间矛盾突出；从价值性看，它只有成为确证和实现人性价值和人格目标的手段，才具有内在合法性；从提升性看，人的正当合理的需要使科技推动人性健康发展，欲望对需要的扭曲造成陷阱，使人性技术化不是人性提升的途径和目标。

D the preparation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 11 representative nature of medicine prescription medicine tables.Basis in the database,respectively,internal medicine physicians in respect of each case by the medical prescription of the cold,temperature, level attributes for classification and analysis of statistics,the preparation of the 11 medical home "prescription medicine Medical statistical summary in nature,""Medical exopathic disease Recipe nature of tables"," Miscellaneous Diseases Medical prescription tables nature",both from the point of prescription and efficacy for the study of the nature of the disease syndromes to provide support,as well as understand the thinking of clinical medicine and academic differences between the provision of quantitative basis.

五、编制出明清时期中医学术思想三个历史发展阶段的内科疾病证候谱和方药性质统计表在上述各医家疾病证候谱和方药性质统计表的基础上，分别对明弘治元年(1486年)至清同治五年(1866年)这近四百年间中医学术思想发展三个阶段(温补学说主导期、学术转型期、温病学说主导期)的内科临床疾病证候和方药性质作分类统计和分析，编制出各时期的&内科医案疾病证候总谱&、&外感病医案疾病证候谱&、&杂病医案疾病证候谱&，以及各时期的&内科医案方药性质统计总表&、&外感病医案方药性质统计表&、&杂病医案之方药性质统计表&，提取出各时期的临床常见病证，归纳整理出各时期医家临证常用的方药寒温属性。

Under the masterdom of this thought, our design of furniture has the conception of the harmony between human and nature, such as advocating nature, imitating nature, apperceiving nature, and it leads to the aesthetics conception of "harmony is beautiful". Because of these, our design regards nature as well as practicality.

在天人合一思想的支配下，由此而形成了&崇尚自然&、&师法自然&、&道法自然&的天人调谐设计观，形成了&以和为美&的审美观，使得中国家具中既极重&自然&又极重&实用&。

But at other times it means the disposition and the vicious quality of a thing, which inheres in the nature or essence, as when it is said: The nature of the serpent is to bite, and the nature and disposition of man is to sin, and is sin; here the word nature does not mean the substance of man, but something that inheres in the nature or substance.

但在其他时候，它是指配置和恶性质量一个事情，是inheres在性质或本质，因为当人们说：性质的毒蛇是咬，性质和处置的人，是单，并单；这里这个词的性质，不等於实质的男子，但一些inheres在性质或内容。

Whether original sin is properly and without any distinction man's corrupt nature, substance, and essence, or at any rate the principal and best part of his essence , namely, the rational soul itself in its highest state and powers; or whether, even after the Fall, there is a distinction between man's substance, nature, essence, body, soul, and original sin, so that the nature is one thing, and original sin, which inheres in the corrupt nature and corrupts the nature, another.

是否原罪，是正确和没有任何区别人的腐败本质，实质内容和精神实质，或在任何率主要和最佳的一部分，其本质，即理性灵魂本身在其最高境界和权力；抑或，即使陷落后，有一个区分人的实质内容，性质，本质，身体，灵魂和原罪，使性质，是一件事，原罪，其中inheres在腐败本质和腐化性质另一位。

During the first part, investigate the numbers and location of the different nature reserve, and review about its development, discuss the cause about the rapid developmeng about the protection areas of nature around Beijing. During the second part, this paper use the Geographical Information System to analyze the different sight function, plot our distinct function about the protection area of nature around Beijing. In the third part of this paper, the ecology function was special analyzed. This paper picked up several factor about the ecology and establish mathematics model to detect the most rational ecology distribution, bring forward the new constructive, wilder constructive and combination project. In the last parts of the paper, this paper use the Geographical Information System to analyze the different brim about the protection area of nature around Beijing, calculating the p/a and figure coefficient, and bring forward the brim theory for the nature reserve and city system.

在数量布局方面，包括北京周边各个不同级别的保护区的数目、位置分配布局和发展趋势研究，探讨北京市周边自然保护区数目和面积在99年和2000年突然增长的主要原因，以及今后北京自然保护区的发展方向；在景观布局方面，主要根据不同自然保护区的空间和功能的不同，计算延庆县各个自然保护区的景观多样性指数和景观优势度指数，并结合地理信息系统和航片，划分出不同的景观功能区间，以及各个功能区间之间的相互关系；在生态布局方面，综合考察北京周边自然状况，提取多项因子，建立评价模型，计算出各项因子权重，从而对其自然保护区的生态功能布局的合理性进行评价和趋势分析，为本文提出北京市周边自然保护区新建、扩建与合并的方案提供依据；在边缘布局方面，利用边缘效应理论和研究方法，创新提出&边缘类型样块分析法&，提取多个样方并结合地理信息系统，计算p/a比和自然保护区边缘的形状系数，划出自然保护区边缘效应趋势变化图，考察北京周边自然保护区的边缘效应，以及对城市的生态边缘功能。

Chapter Two illustrates the nature of the international guarantee.At first,the writer analyses the meaning of collateral nature and its theoretical basis.Thewriter points out that in order to reinforce the protection of the guarantor'sinterest,the guarantee is located as collateral guarantee in all countries'traditional legislation.In other words,the validity of the guarantee contract isdetermined by the underlying contract,i.e.if the underlying contract isestablished,the guarantee contract is established,too;if the underlying contract isvalid,and the guarantee contract is valid too.It is true,otherwise.But thedoctrine of autonomy of private law dominates the civil law and commercial lawin all the countries,so the parties are permitted to alter the collateral nature of theguarantee by an agreement under the related laws worldwide.so the collateralnature of the guarantee is not the compulsory nature of the law.This lays a solidfoundation for the emerging of the independent guarantee.The writer thenanalyses the meaning of independence and the cause of the booming of theindependent guarantee.In fact,the independent guarantee was originated fromthe change of the collateral nature by the parties contract.As a result,the validityof the contract of independent guarantee is not determined by the underlyingcontract as the collateral guarantee,But the validity of the independent guaranteecontract is independent from the underlying contract,the establishment and thevalidity of the contract of independent guarantee are not subjected to theunderlying contract.

第二章对国际信用担保的法律属性进行了论述，首先分析了从属性的含义及其理论基础，指出虽然各国传统立法为了加强对保证人利益的保护，都将信用担保定位于从属保证，即保证合同的效力取决于主合同的效力，主合同成立，保证合同也成立，主合同生效，保证合同也生效；主合同不成立，保证合同也不成立，主合同不生效，保证合同也不生效，但是由于私法自治的精神主导着各国的民商法领域，各国立法都允许当事人通过合同约定对信用担保的从属性进行改变，所以保证的从属性从来就不是信用担保制度的法律强制属性，这也为独立保证制度的出现奠定了制度前提；其次分析了独立性的含义以及独立保证兴起的原因，独立保证实际上就是当事人通过合同约定对保证从属性的改变，使独立保证合同的效力不再象从属保证合同的效力那样取决于主合同的效力，而是使独立保证合同的效力独立于主合同的效力，独立保证合同成立不因主合同的不成立而受影响，也不因主合同的无效而无效。

Take the demonstration of Marx on human nature for example, three kinds of demonstrations appeared in short three years:"the nature of human is the summation of the social relationships","the human nature is free and self-conscious activity" and " the need of human is the nature of man"; still for instance, to the same Hegel philosophy, Marx sometimes called it " an carline who does makeup, dresses up her disgusting and nonrepresentational shriveled body, and looks out for suitors at every corner of Germany.① Sometimes, he call him "a great ideologist" and publicly admitted that he's a "student" of Hegel②; Marx also said in his late years some words which excited many western mediocre people " I am not a real Marxist.

比如马克思对人性的论述，在短短的三年间竟有三种论述："人的本质是社会关系的总和"，"人的本性即自由自觉的活动"，"人的需要即他们的本性"；还比如，马克思对同一个黑格尔哲学，有时称它是"搽脂抹粉，把她那干瘪得令人厌恶的抽象的身体打扮起来，在德国的各个角落如饥似渴地物色求婚者"的"老太婆"①；有时称他为"伟大思想家"，并"公开承认"自己是黑格尔的"学生"②；马克思在晚年还说过令许多西方庸人兴奋不已的话："我不是一个真正的马克思主义者。"

These are places without aristocratic baggage; egalitarian places open to talent, self-improving, engaged in learning and innovation through networks that were at once competitive and cooperative.

这些地方没有贵族遗风作祟，而且对于那些有天分的人是开放的平等之地，这些人善于通过那些曾经很具有竞争力与合作精神的关系网进行自我提高以及学习创新。

Christine: You don't want to see me?

你不想见我？