查询词典 Muscle elasticity

Third,the paper sets up a mathematical model for indirect tax shifting through algebraic method, it concludes a general rule on indirect tax shifting from VAT payers to others, the buyers only takes the full tax burden when there isn't any demand elasticity or full supply elasticity, and the sellers only takes the full tax burden when there is full supply elasticity or no demand elasticity, sellers and buyers share the tax burden respectively, the tax share amount has a straight line dependence to the commodity demand or supply elasticity, the proportion of indirect tax burden of sellers equal to the proportion between demand elasticity and the sum of demand and supply elasticity.

第三，本文用代数推理的办法推导出测算间接税税负转嫁的代数模型，从而得出增值税纳税人间接税税负转嫁的一般规律：销售者和购买者各自负担部分税负，其负担的份额取决于商品供求弹性的对比关系，销售者负担的间接税税负比例等于需求弹性系数占供求弹性系数之和的比例。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章，第一章，引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术；第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证，介绍抬高模式原理，利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量，论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性，从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础；第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立，对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析；第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用：α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白，通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性，摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用；第六章对全文进行了总结，在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后，还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

The unoperated sides of the treated animals also served as controls. Six normal rats were treated as normal control group. Three different siRNA plasmid solution containing RC2-Ⅰ, MAFbx-Ⅱ, CON (50μl , 0.8μg/μl)was injected and transfected by electroporation as methods mentioned above, respectively. The changes of RC2 and MAFbx mRNA levels and RC2 protein levels after 3 days were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. On postoperative 2, 3 and 4 weeks, the rate of wet muscle weight preservation, mean diameter of muscle fiber and mean cross-section area of muscle fiber and muscle protein content were checked and then compared between group CON and group RC2 or group MAFbx, respectively. The differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Ultrastructural changes of muscle fiber were observed at 2, 3, 4 weeks postoperation.Results GFP plasmid was efficiently deliverd into muscle by electroporation and robust GFP expression in muscle could be observed more than three weeks. Histology shows that injected plasmid DNA diffuses extensively in muscle tissue.

1、健康雌性SD大鼠18只，随机分为电穿孔组和非电穿孔组，每组9只，制作右下肢趾长伸肌失神经支配模型；EP组为将质粒pEGFP-N1溶液50μl(0.8μg／μl)注射入右趾长伸肌后，立即于两侧腱腹交接处给予电穿孔，电穿孔参数为：电场强度为200V／Cm，脉冲100μs，频率1Hz，施加10次脉冲；NEP组仅质粒pEGFP-N1溶液注射；转染后1、2、3周，荧光显微镜下观察趾长伸肌中GFP的表达情况，转染后1周行Western印迹检测趾长伸肌中GFP蛋白的表达情况，检测和优化体内转染效率。2、健康雌性SD大鼠78只，随机分为失神经对照组、RC2基因治疗组(RC2组)，MAFbx基因治疗组，每组24只，制作右下肢趾长伸肌失神经支配模型，余6只为正常组；分别将含CON、RC2、MAFbx基因的siRNA重组质粒注射入趾长伸肌，之后给予电穿孔，方法同上；治疗后3天实时定量PCR和Western印迹检测各组中RC2或MAFbx基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达变化，治疗后2、3、4周检测各组肌湿重维持率、肌细胞直径和肌细胞截面积，肌细胞超微结构变化以及肌纤维中蛋白含量变化。

There was a significant inverse correlation between sarcomere length and A/I (r=-0.686, P.05). 4 Relations of the skeletal muscle histological characteristics and meat quality The muscle fibre and the myofibrils diameter were thinner, the muscle fiber density was denser, the sarcomere length was longer and the meat color was redder. The A/I was bigger, the meat color was whiter, contrarily was redder. The right amount of fat content may improve the meat brightness. The muscle fiber diameter and the myofibrils diameter were the biggest factors to influence the skeletal muscle shearing force, their assumed the obvious linear correlation. The muscle fiber density influence on the shearing force was only inferior to the muscle fiber and myofibrils diameter. Mensurate the IFA from tectology angle may reflect in intramuscular fat content. However intramuscular fat was not enough to carry weight on the shearing force, it may mostly affected on the smack, but not the tenderness expression.

猪骨骼肌组织学特性与肉质性状的关系肌纤维和肌原纤维直径越小、肌纤维密度越大、肌节长度越长，肉色鲜红；肌节中暗带比例越大，肉色偏白，而明带比例大，肉色偏红；适量的脂肪含量可以改善肉的亮度；肌纤维直径和肌原纤维直径对骨骼肌剪切力的贡献率最大，呈明显的线性相关，肌纤维密度对剪切力的贡献率仅次与肌纤维和肌原纤维直径；从组织形态学角度测定肌内脂肪面积比一定程度上可以反映肌肉内的脂肪含量，而肌内脂肪对肌肉剪切力的贡献率比较微弱，对肉食用品质的影响可能更多表现在改善肉的风味，而不是嫩度的表达。

Objective: To provide anatomic basis for pectoranis minor muscle transplantation by vessels and nerves anastomosis to reconstruct thumb opposition function. Methods: The blood supply and nerve innervation of pectoralis minor muscle, the comparison of the morphology and dimension of both pectoralis minor muscle and thenar muscle were investigated on 20 sides of adult cadaveric thoraxes and hands. According to the locations of the vessels and nerves of the pectoralis minor, the clipped pectoralis minor muscle at the same side were transplanted and fixed to thenar muscles with the same direction of thenar muscle fiber. After that, the process of dragging simulating opposition movement of hand were performed and observed.

目的：为吻合血管神经的选择性胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能术式提供解剖学依据方法：在20侧成人胸部及手部标本中，解剖观察胸小肌的血管神经分布及胸小肌和大鱼际肌的形态、大小并将一者进行比较；然后按照大鱼际肌纤维走行方向，参考血管神经位置，将胸小肌修剪合适后移植固定于同侧手部大鱼际，模拟正常手部拇对掌功能予以牵拉，观察标本手部拇对掌过程。

The muscle samples were taken and check under microscopy and electro-microscopy,Desmin was checked with imunohistochemistry technique,maximal isometric titanic force,CK and LDH in blood,MDA and SOD in muscle were assessed for rats,before and after exercises to show muscle damage,maximal isometric torque,muscle soreness, circumference of the arm,range of motion of the elbow were assessed before and after exercise to show muscle damage,maximal eccentric torque, optimal angle of the elbow,total work during exercise were also assessed for college students.

观察指标包括：肌肉活检光镜及电镜观察，肌肉骨架蛋白Desmin组织化学荧光标记，电刺激最大强直肌量，血清LDH、CK及肌肉MDA、SOD等；等长峰力矩MIT，肌肉酸痛度SOR，肢体围度CIR，关节活动范围ROM，运动中离心峰力矩及其对应关节角度、所做总功等。

The article summarized the relationship of meat quality and type of muscle fiber,diameter of muscle fiber,density of muscle fiber,the percent of muscle fiber,the percent of connective tissue,the percent of fat tissue in muscle, sarcomere length and so on.

肌肉的组织学特性与肉质具有一定的相关性，本文综述了禽类骨骼肌肌纤维类型、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度、肌纤维面积比例、结缔组织面积比例、脂肪组织面积比例以及肌节长度等组织学特性与肉品品质的关系。

For the muscle tissue sampled from MTrSs, the characteristics of contracted muscle fibers such as: narrowed of endomysial space, enlarged and rounded muscle fibers, wave-likepattern of muscle fibers, and hypercontracted muscle fibers as Simons (1976) so called contraction knotswere founded.

在激痛点的组织切片里，我们可以找到肌肉纤维收缩的现象，包括缩小的肌肉纤维间隙、肥胖而粗短的肌肉纤维、呈波浪纹状的收缩肌肉纤维纹路、以及状如Simons(1976)所描述的收缩结节。

The results are as follows.(1) Long train electrical stimulation at the dMNF facilitated myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle.(2) Short train electrical stimulation of dMNF, when delivered in the inspiratory phase, caused prolongation of myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle; but when delivered in the expiratory phase, myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle were shortened.(3) Long train electrical stimulation at the vMNF inhibited myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle.(4) Short train electrical stimulation of vMNF caused shortening of myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle, when delivered in the inspiratory phase, but a prolongation when delivered in the expiratory phase.(5) The effects of microinjection of glutamate to dMNF and vMNF were similar to those of electrical stimulation.

结果如下：(1)长串电脉冲刺激dMNF引起颏舌肌和膈肌肌电活动明显增强；(2)短串电脉冲刺激dMNF，当刺激落位于吸气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在吸气相的肌电活动延长，当刺激落位于呼气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在呼气相的肌电活动提前终止；(3)长串电脉冲刺激vMNF使颏舌肌和膈肌肌电活动明显被抑制；(4)短串电脉冲刺激vMNF，当刺激落位于吸气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在吸气相的肌电活动提前终止，当刺激落位于呼气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在呼气相的肌电活动延长；(5)在dMNF和vMNF分别微量注射谷氨酸钠，其效应与电刺激结果基本一致。

Results: The suprascapular nerve not only has its starting point and entering-muscle points, but also has two limit-points, it has turn-angle about 50° at spinoglenoid notch, supraspinatus muscle branch 44, infra-spinatus muscle branch 44, upper articular branch 42, lower articular branch 53, and sensory branch 37. The branches innervate supraspinatus muscle、infraspinatus muscle and the shoulder joint.

结果：肩胛上神经行程迂曲，有起点、入肌点两个固定点，另有肩胛上孔、肩胛下孔两个约束点，在冈盂切迹处形成大约50°左右的转折角，发出冈上肌支44支、冈下肌支44支、上关节支42支、下关节支53支、感觉支37支，分布于冈上肌、冈下肌和肩关节等处。

The system can be widely used in belt weighing and batching process control,etc.

介绍了基于智能模糊控制的嵌入式配料系统的设计方法，对模糊PID控制过程和系统调零作了重点的讨论，同时给出了PID控制的程序流程图和系统定长调零子程序。

"I dunno," she answered,"but if you show me aroun', I'll recognize it from the lighthouse just outside the porthole."

"我不知道，"她回答说，"如果你能带我转转，我能认出来的，因为灯塔就在舷窗外。"