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The area ratios of 980/1022, 980/1047,(980+1047)/1022 and 980/(1022+1047) cm^(-1) were decreased as the degree of acetification increased which indicated that acetification induced a decrease of crystallinity of starch. And the crystal structure changed from A-type to V-type. For the cross-linking of POCl3, the area ratios of 980/1022, 980/1047,(980+1047)/1022 and 980/(1022+1047) cm^(-1) were also decreased as the degree of cross-linking but the decrease was little compared to that of acetification. The result indicated that cross-linking of POCl3 had little effect on the starch crystal structure.
随着醋酸酯化取代度的增大，980/1022、980/1047、(980+1047)/1022和980/(1022+1047)的相对峰面积的比值均呈现下降趋势，表明醋酸酯化改性会导致淀粉结晶程度降低，结晶形态从A型转变为V型；随着交联度的增大，980/1022、980/1047、(980+1047)/1022和980/(1022+1047)的相对峰面积比值均呈现下降趋势，但下降程度较小，表明三氯氧磷交联对淀粉结晶结构影响不明显。
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The presence of REE tetrad effects in apatites and whole rocks of S-type granites has been reported by Sha and Chappell (1999) and Zhao et al.(1999), respectively. The REE tetrad effect in minerals, such as apatite, spessartite, beryl, alkali feldspar and spodumene, from all zones of Altay No. 3 pegmatite has been found remarkable, and the fractionations among isovalent incompatible elements in these minerals are also significant. This paper puts forward that the REE tetrad effect is one of the basic features of peraluminous melts and the origin of REE tetrad effect might be probably related to some processes prior to the formation of pegmatite magma. The immiscibile liquid separation between silicate melt and hydrosaline melt may be responsible for it.
由于阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉各带磷灰石以及与其共生的石榴石、绿柱石、碱性长石、锂辉石矿物均存在明显的稀土"四重效应"以及相同电价、相似离子半径的不相容元素间存在显著的分异，并结合最近赵振华等(1999)和Sha and Chappell(1999)报道S型花岗岩全岩和单矿物(磷灰石、独居石、长石、黄玉等)均存在稀土"四重效应"这一现象，本文研究提出，稀土"四重效应"是富挥发分过铝质岩浆体系的一个基本特征，其机制既不可能由含稀土的副矿物早期结晶引起残余熔体相中REE含量变化的结果，也不能定性地归因于流体相与熔体相相互作用过程中稀土元素在流体/熔体之间分异的结果，而很可能与伟晶岩岩浆形成之前某些过程密切相关，S型花岗岩岩浆在液相线以上存在硅酸盐熔体与高盐熔体的不混溶液相分离有可能是过铝质岩浆体系产生稀土"四重效应"的主要原因。
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The results indicate that the flow stress of the alloy increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. The flow stress increases with increasing strain until the stress reaches the peak value, then the flow stress remains constant, which indicates that dynamic recrystallization happens during deformation. The flow behaviors are described by the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation, and the activation energy calculated is 337.75 kJ/mol. The as-forged microstructure consists of refined α2/γ and γ grains, and the grains are much homogeneous than before. The B2 phase distributes uniformly at the grain boundary of α2/γ and γ grains. The B2 phase decreases with increasing deformation temperature.
结果表明：流变应力随着应变速率提高和变形温度降低而增大；在变形过程中，流变应力随着变形量增大而增大，当流变应力达到峰值后趋于平稳，表明合金在变形过程中发生了动态再结晶；热变形过程的流变应力可采用双曲正弦本构关系来描述，平均激活能为337.75 kJ/mol；从合金的组织演化过程中可以看出，合金中不均匀的原始组织得到明显均匀化，变形后的组织是由α2/γ层片晶团和γ晶粒组成的双态组织，在α2/γ层片晶团和γ晶粒的晶界交界处发现分布均匀的B2相，并且随着变形温度升高B2相数量逐渐减少。
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The results showed the crystallinity of the modified PET decreased with the increase of the content of NPG, but the heat shrinkability was improved obviously. Amorphous polyester material that woul...
结果表明，通过NPG共聚改性的PET的结晶能力随NPG用量的增加而降低，热收缩能力有了明显的提高；无定型区增大，获得了在通常情况下不能结晶的PET无定型材料，从而使改性PET薄膜在拉伸时保持较高的取向度，并在高于其Tg时发生解取向热收缩；拉伸温度、拉伸倍数等拉伸工艺对于聚酯薄膜的热收缩率有着显著的影响。
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The results showed the crystallinity of the modified PET decreased with the increase of the content of NPG, but the heat shrinkability was improved obviously. Amorphous polyester material that would not crystallize under usual circumstances was obtained, which made the modified PET film to be able to achieve a high degree of orientation during stretching, and it was heat shrinkable when the ambient temperature was higher than its T the effects of different drawing temperature and DR on heat shrinkage of copolyester film was discussed.
结果表明，通过NPG共聚改性的PET的结晶能力随NPG用量的增加而降低，热收缩能力有了明显的提高；无定型区增大，获得了在通常情况下不能结晶的PET无定型材料，从而使改性PET薄膜在拉伸时保持较高的取向度，并在高于其T时发生解取向热收缩；拉伸温度、拉伸倍数等拉伸工艺对于聚酯薄膜的热收缩率有着显著的影响。
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Avrami and Ozawa equations were used to analyze the experiment data in this study. Because the melting point of PBS is high and the mechanical properties are worse. In addition, the PTS is uncrystallized. Therefore, PBS and PTS were mixed to improve their properties. PBS containing 5wt% PTS can be able to reduce the crystallization performance, and make the polymer strength to enhance. Furthermore, the brittle fracture situation of PBS is also improved simultaneously.
本研究运用等温结晶分析使用的Avrami 方程式以及Ozawa 方程式，分析实验所得的数据，因为PBS 的熔点较高，机械性能较差，加上PTS 几乎不结晶的特性，因此将PBS 及PTS 以不同比例混掺的方式，对PBS 进行分析研究，结果发现，加入5wt% PTS的共聚酯能够明显的降低结晶性能，进而使聚合物的拉伸强度提高，同时脆性断裂的情况也得到改善。
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The results showed that the ungrafted KF and grafted KF can both induce transcrystallization in PA6/KF composites in the range of the beginning crystallization temperature and approaching melting temperature.The transcrystallization was more fine and perfect at higher crystallization temperature than at lower crystallization temperature,so was the ability of inducing transcrystallization.The grafted KF enhanced the growth ability of transcrystallization and promoted PA6 to form more fine and perfect transcrystallization than the ungrafted KF atrelative lower crystallization temperature. 5.The effect on mechanical properties and fracture morphologies of PA6/KF composites by anionic grafting nylon 6 onto KF was studied.
四、采用PLM 对PA6/KF 复合材料的界面结晶情况加以观察，发现PA6 与许多结晶性聚合物一样，在不受阻碍，没有外力的作用下能形成完整的球晶，KF 可以诱发横晶的生长，其诱发横晶的能力随着结晶温度Tc 的升高而增强，在相同条件下改性KF 所诱发横晶的密度及完整程度明显高于未改性的KF。
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The structure of the crust and upper mantle is characterized by consistent variations with the sh...
盖层和结晶地壳的密度和磁性结构在垂直方向以及隆起和坳陷构造带间，都存在明显的不均一性。
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Compared with non-nanopolyaniline synthesized by conventional emulsion polymerization, nanopolyaniline has the narrow and uniform distribution of particle dimension and the diameter of particle is about 4-5nm,and the conductivity reaches 3.2S·cm-1, which is more than 100 times higher than that of nanopolyaniline;Moreover, it has higher solubility in conventional solvent and the solubility reaches 95% in N-methyl pyrrolidone;what's more ,it has higher crystallinity and more uniform crystal proved by XRD, apparent blue shift indicated by UV, which makes it possible to prepare transparent conductive composite films.
结果表明，微乳液法合成的纳米聚苯胺与常规乳液法合成的非纳米聚苯胺相比，具有明显的优越性：粒径分布窄，95%的在10nm 以下，最大的不超过30nm；电导率较高，达到了3.2S/cm，提高了2 个数量级以上；在有机溶剂中的溶解度较高，其中在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的溶解率达到了95%；X 射线衍射仪分析表明，纳米聚苯胺结晶度高，晶型更为规整；紫外可见光谱研究发现，纳米聚苯胺在可见光区有明显的蓝移，为制备透明的导电复合膜提供了可能。
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This has an important meaning to the industrial manufacture.DSC, WAXD and polarizing microscope with hot stage experiments were performed to describe what led the SSP rate acceleration of PET/MMT. It was shown that montmorillonite acted as a very good nucleating agent in PET crystallization process, which results in the lower crystallinity, more small microlites, and more surfaces of microlites.
为研究PET／MMT固相缩聚效率提高的原因，通过热台偏光显微镜、DSC、X-射线衍射等手段对样品的结晶进行观察与分析研究，结果表明蒙脱土对PET的结晶有明显的成核作用，使其晶核生成速率迅速提高，晶核数量明显增多，从而使整个结晶过程的时间变短，同时形成了更多结构不完善的微晶体。
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bauxite：铝土矿
似矿物是天然产出的固体,其不能符合严谨的矿物定义,因为似矿物没有明显定义之化学成份,或没有特定的结晶构造,也就是说其内部的原子排列是没有系统性规则的排列,例如褐铁矿(limonite)、蛋白石(opal)、及铝土矿(bauxite)等.