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Methods Monoclonal antibody against the glycophorin A was used to identify nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of pregnant women.Candidates fetal cells from 3 pregnancies at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation were isolated successfully.Sorted cells were also confirmed using Y-special probe (PY3.4) repeated sequences in maternal blood from women carrying male fetuses were detected by polymerase chain reaction.Results The PY3.4 position hybridization rates were 31.5%,0 and 38% respectively in sorted GPA positive cells of 3 samples by FISH,and the results of GPA+ cells of the 3 cases by PCR were positive,negative and positive respectively,which were manifested by the gender after aborticide.
选用红细胞特异单克隆抗体Glycophorin A结合流式细胞术成功地从3例妊娠16～24周的孕妇血中分离出NRBCs，并用Y-染色体特异重复序列DNA探针(PY3.4)荧光原位杂交及聚合酶链反应技术检测Y-染色体特异序列结果 FISH结果，3例分选出的GPA阳性细胞中PY3.4杂交阳性率分别是31.4%、0、38%；其PCR结果，分别为阳性、阴性、阳性，并在引产后得到性别证实。
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Methods Monoclonal antibody against the glycophorin A was used to identify nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of pregnant women.Candidates fetal cells from 3 pregnancies at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation were isolated successfully.Sorted cells were also confirmed using Y-special probe (PY3.4) repeated sequences in maternal blood from women carrying male fetuses were detected by polymerase chain reaction.Results The PY3.4 position hybridization rates were 31.5%0 and 38% respectively in sorted GPA positive cells of 3 samples by FISHand the results of GPA+ cells of the 3 cases by PCR were positivenegative and positive respectivelywhich were manifested by the gender after aborticide.
选用红细胞特异单克隆抗体Glycophorin A结合流式细胞术成功地从3例妊娠16～24周的孕妇血中分离出NRBCs，并用Y-染色体特异重复序列DNA探针(PY3.4)荧光原位杂交及聚合酶链反应技术检测Y-染色体特异序列结果 FISH结果，3例分选出的GPA阳性细胞中PY3.4杂交阳性率分别是31.4%、0、38%；其PCR结果，分别为阳性、阴性、阳性，并在引产后得到性别证明。
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A 1172 bp fragment was detected for Wx-7A gene using dominant marker primer from the Wx-A1 normal wheat, a 593 bp and a 574 bp fragment were detected using codominant marker primer from the Wx-A1α normal and Wx-A1 null wheat, respectively.
STS标记结果中，Wx-7A位点的显性标记引物在野生型中扩增出一条1172bp的特异带，即Wx-A1α基因出现；Wx-7A位点的共显性标记引物在野生型中扩增出一条593bp的特异带，在缺失类型中扩增出一条574bp的特异带。
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Fig 1 Negative control Female umbilical cord sample has no Y-specific signal after in situ hybridization with the biotinylated Y-repeated sequence DNA probe PY3.4 Fig 2 Positive control Flow-sorted male umbilical cord cells hybridized to Y-specific DNA probe PY3.4,Every cell contains a Y-specific signal Fig 3 Fetal cells sorted from maternal blood Flow-sorted cells from a pregnant woman at 20 weeks of gestation hybridized to Y-specific DNA probe PY3.4,containing a Y-specific signal Fig 4 The result of polymerase chain reaction Lane 1:male umbilical cord NRBCs sorted by FITC-conjugated anti-monoclonal glycophorin A;Lane 2:sample of 2;Lane 3:male umbilical cord NRBCs sorted by FITC-conjugated anti-CD36;Lanes 4-5:samples of 1 and 3;Lane 6:50 cells of male;Lane 7:5 cells of male;Lane 8:200ng male DNA(positive+control);Lane 9:nonpregnant female DNA(negative+control);Lane 10:ΦX174 HaeⅢ Maker,271bp:amplified band of Y-specific gene SRY;383bp:amplified band of human β-globin gene
图1 阴性对照女性脐带血标本，经与生物素标记的Y-染色体重复序列DNA探针原位杂交后未见Y-染色体特异信号图2 阳性对照分选的男性脐血细胞经与Y-特异DNA探针杂交后，每一细胞都含有Y-染色体特异信号图3 母体外周血中分选的胎儿细胞从一位妊娠20周的孕妇外周血中分选出的细胞经与Y-特异DNA探针杂交细胞中含有Y-染色体特异信号图4 聚合酶链反应结果 1：GPA-FITC单抗分选男胎脐血NRBCs；2：2号标本；3：CD36-FITC单抗分选男胎脐血NRBCs；4、5：1、3号标本；6：50个男性细胞标本；7：5个男性细胞标本；8：200ng男性DNA；9：未孕女性DNA；10：ΦX174 HaeⅢ标准，271bp：为SRY基因扩增带；383bp：为人β-珠蛋白基因扩增带内参照
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The result indicated that the percentage of lymphocyte were decreased, the percentage of neutrophile granulocytes were magnified significantly with the lighting time increasing, which was due to the level of the melatonin inhibited in the long time lighting; and to supply different exogenous dose, induce the percentage of lymphocyte were magnifying, the percentage of neutrophile granulocytes were decreased. And the statistical analysis showed there was significant difference.
结果表明：在给予不同光照时间的条件下，随着光照时间的延长，褪黑素的分泌水平受到抑制，导致具有特异免疫功能的淋巴细胞百分率下降，具有非特异免疫功能的中性粒细胞百分率上升，经统计分析表明不同组间的测定结果均存在显着差异；采用24h全天光照，用以模拟机体切除松果腺的情况，再给予一定剂量外源性褪黑素，导致机体内具有特异免疫功能的淋巴细胞百分率上升，具有非特异免疫功能的中性粒细胞百分率下降，经统计分析表明不同组间的测定结果均存在显著差异，并且高剂量褪黑素对机体的影响更为明显。
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A series PCR amplification for differential control strains and DNA samples diluted gradient (1:10) have been used to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of PCR assay established.Results 1. Detection of GAS by PCR assay: The 345bp specific fragment of speB gene were amplified in all the tested GAS strains including three strains of scarlet fever, whereas it was detected in none of the differential control strains. The lowest limit of detection was 6.5pg genome DNA of GAS strain. 2. Detection of corynebacterium diphtheria by PCR assay: The318bp specific fragment of toxB gene were amplified in all the tested toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheria strains, whereas it was detected in none of the differential control strains. The lowest limit of detection is 850fg/μl genome DNA of corynebacterium diphtheria strain. 3. Detection of Lp by PCR assay: The 340bp specific fragments of mip gene were amplified in all the tested Lp strains, whereas it was detected in none of the differential control strains including three strains of non-pneumophila.
结果：1、用PCR方法检测A组链球菌：以A组链球菌致热性外毒素基因speB为靶序列，设计的扩增引物对全部对照菌株的扩增结果为阴性，而全部A组链球菌参考株均能扩增出特异的345bp片段，其中包括三株猩红热链球菌，检测敏感性为6.5pg／μl DNA.2、用PCR方法检测白喉杆菌：以白喉外毒素基因toxB为靶序列，设计的扩增引物对全部白喉杆菌参考株均能扩增出特异的318bp片段，而全部对照株的扩增结果为阴性，检测敏感性为850fg／μl DNA.3、用PCR方法检测嗜肺军团菌：以嗜肺军团菌巨噬细胞感染增强子基因mip为靶基因，设计的引物对嗜肺军团菌14个血清型参考株均扩增出特异的340bp片段，而鉴别对照株包括三株非嗜肺军团菌均未扩增出任何片段。
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Results The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,Youden index,accuracy ...
结果检测血清特异性IgG的灵敏度为100·0%，特异度为97·7%，阳性预测值为97·2%，阴性预测值为100·0%，约登指数为0·977，符合率为98·7%，试验的一致率为98·5%；检测血清中总的特异性Ig灵敏度为97·1%，特异度为95·3%，阳性预测值为94·4%，阴性预测值为97·6%，约登指数为0·925，符合率为96·2%，试验的一致率为97·8%；检测唾液中特异性sIgA的灵敏度为96·2%，特异度为94·5%，阳性预测值为89·3%，阴性预测值为98·1%，约登指数为0·907，符合率为95·1%，试验的一致率为97·5%；检测粪便标本中的特异性sIgA的灵敏度为92·0%，特异度为90·2%，阳性预测值为85·2%，阴性预测值为94·9%，约登指数为0·822，符合率为90·9%，试验的一致率为98·6%，CV值均小于15%。
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The specific band EM433 was recovered., cloned and sequenced, and 2 primers of Sequence characterized amplified regions markers, 5 --CGAGACGTCCGAGTC GATATAGC-3 - and 5 --GTCGTCCTTCTAGTGGGTATCCTCC-3 -, were deviced and systhesised in terms of the result of sequence. 41 strains of V dahliae were amplified specifically, 9 nondefoliating strains and 2 defoliating strains could yield EM.
将特异片段EM_(433)进行回收、克隆、测序，在此基础上设计并合成两条SCAR标记引物5&-CGAGACGTCCGAGTCGATATAGC-3&和5&-GTCGTCCTTCTAGTGGGTATCCTCC-3&，对41个V.dahliae进行扩增，10个非落叶型菌系中有9个菌系可以扩增出特异片段，31个落叶型菌系中29个菌系无此特异片段，鉴定准确率可达90％以上。
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The long specific DNA probes were synthesized by polymerase chain reaction in the highly specific gene sequences of above 10 bacteria. The species-specific probes synthesized were inoculated on a nitrocellulose filter and hybridized with template DNA labeled with long-arm photosensitive biotin. The signal of hybridization reaction was observed to detect which bacteria infected. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were studied.
在这10种病原菌高度特异的基因序列内利用聚合酶链反应合成上述10种细菌特异的长链DNA探针，并将合成的特异探针固定在硝酸纤维素膜上，与用长臂光敏生物素标记后的模板DNA进行斑点杂交反应，通过观察杂交信号判断存在何种细菌感染，同时研究该方法的敏感性和特异性。2。
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Total RNA was isolated using the method designed by ourselves. Full-length fragments of Apple sear skin viroid have been amplified by one specific pair of primer from different pear samples.
利用自行设计的方法分离提取总RNA，通过一对特异引物，分别扩增出不同梨树品种上苹果锈果类病毒的特异片段，通过对库尔勒香梨品种上获得的特异片段回收、克隆和测序。
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apparition: n.1：鬼怪,幽灵,幻影,突然景象,特异景象2.(特异景象的)显现
elusive: a.1.逃避的,躲闪的 2.难以表达(捉摸,理解)的,令人困惑的 | apparition: n.1.鬼怪,幽灵,幻影,突然景象,特异景象2.(特异景象的)显现 | appropriation: n.1.拨款,拨付 2.挪用,占用 3.合适
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Attributable risk：特异危险度
2.特异危险度(attributable risk)又称归因危险度或率差(rate difference),简称AR. 特异危险度为暴露组发病(或死亡)率与非暴露组发病(或死亡)率之差. 3.人群特异危险度(population attributable risk)简称PAR.
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speciesspecific behavior pattern：种的特异行为模式
speciesspecific behavior 种的特异行为种的特P形 | speciesspecific behavior pattern 种的特异行为模式 | speciestypical behavior 物种典型行为物种典型行为
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idiosyncrasy：特异反应性
5)特异质反应(idiosyncratic reaction):也称特异反应性(idiosyncrasy)是药物引起的一类遗传学性异常反应,发生在有遗传性药物代谢或反应变异的个体,特异反应性反应在性质上和药物在正常人中引起的反应可能相似,
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Idiosyncrasy ; Idiocrasy：特应性,特异体质
局部痉挛 idiospasm | 特应性,特异体质 idiosyncrasy,idiocrasy | 特应原,特异反应原 idiotoxin,allergen,atopen
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local idiosyncrasy：局部特异反应性,局部特异反应性
local hypoplasia 局部发育不全,局部发育不全 | local idiosyncrasy 局部特异反应性,局部特异反应性 | local illumination 局部照明
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Specific polysaccharide：特异多糖
(3)特异多糖(specific polysaccharide) 是脂多糖的最外层,由数个至数十个低聚糖(3~5个单糖)重复单位构成的多糖链. 特异多糖即革兰阴性菌的菌体抗原(O抗原),具有种特异性,因其多糖中单糖的种类、位置、排列和空间构型各不相同所致. 特异多糖的缺失,
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specific proteolysis：特异(性)蛋白酶解
specific production rate 比生产速率,比产出率 | specific proteolysis 特异(性)蛋白酶解 | specific reagent 特效试剂,特异(性)试剂,专一试剂
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site-specific recombination：特异位点重组
套索RNA lariat RNA | 特异位点重组 site-specific recombination | 特异转录因子 special transcription factors
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idiocrasy：特异性;特异反应;特异体质
idioblapsis 自发性食物过敏 | idiocrasy 特异性;特异反应;特异体质 | idiophase 繁殖期;生殖期