效应基因

基本解释 (translations)

effector

与效应基因相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

The 2n pollen producing diploid hybrids have good breeding values for yield,earliness and starch content.

说明烤烟品种的产量和质量性状受加性效应和非加性效应基因的共同控制。

The results showed the resistance was controlled by at least two pairs of genes, and was incompletely recessive. Effect of backcross was very significant and that of reciprocal cross was not. Resistance was dominated by nuclear genes, narrow inheritability was comparatively high. The resistance was in keeping with additive-dominance model, and dominance was dominating, and showed a quantitative character.

结果表明：苦瓜对白粉病的抗性受两对以上基因控制，两对主基因抗病相对感病为不完全隐性，回交效应极显著，正反交效应差异不显著，抗病性主要受核基因控制，两对主基因的狭义遗传力较高，符合加性－显性模型，加性效应较大，抗性效应在亲本和F1间存在极显著正相关，表现为数量性状遗传的特点。

In order to reduce calculation error, the frequency distribution of average values is used to compute the mixed distribution's digital features of each component distribution, thereinto, the number of the component distribution is determined by AIC, choose the number that meets the minimum value of AIC as the component number of mixed distribution, and the other parameters are estimated by EM algorithm; Secondly, because each component distribution is corresponding to a kind of major gene genotype, according to the values of the average and variance of the each component distribution, we can use the limit error of the normal distribution to plot each individual into the correspondent component distribution, namely into correspondent major gene genotype. Then we regard each major gene genotype as a treatment level of one-way analysis of variances, and the one-way multivariate analysis of variance is carried out to calculate the covariance matrix of major gene effect, covariance matrix of polygene effect, covariance matrix of environment effect and so on; At last, combining the weights of the each component distribution of mixed distribution, we can calculate the variance of major gene effect, the variance of polygene effect, environmental variance and the genetic gain of the quantitative trait.

为减小计算误差，本研究采用均值的频数分布来计算各成分分布的数字特征，其中成分分布个数根据AIC准则，选择使AIC值达到最小的成分分布个数作为混合分布的成分分布数，分布中其它参数的确定利用EM算法来估计；其次，每个成分分布对应一种主基因基因型，根据各个成分分布的均值和方差，利用正态分布的极限误差将每个个体划分到相应的成分分布中，即相应的主基因基因型中，将每种主基因型作为单因素方差分析的一个处理水平，对其进行单因素的多元方差分析，分别计算主基因效应协方差阵、多基因效应协方差阵、环境协方差阵等参数；最后结合混合分布中各成分分布的权重即各主基因基因型的分离比例，计算主基因效应方差，多基因效应方差和环境方差，以及遗传力等参数，进而计算该数量性状的遗传进展。

Objective To detect the expression of connective tissue growth factor and its upstorm and downstorm effectors in neurofibroma tissue, and to investigate the profibrotic effect of CTGF in neurofibroma tissue.

目的：观察结缔组织生长因子在神经纤维瘤组织中的表达情况及与其上、下游效应基因表达的关系，探讨CTGF在神经纤维瘤组织中的促纤维化机制。

The major gene heritability and polygene heritability were 64.17% and 14.76% respectively, which showed major genes played major role in seed setting rate.

在主基因作用的效应中，加性效应和显性效应各占主基因效应的50％；主基因的遗传率较高，分别为56.97％和44.26％；多基因的遗传率很低，分别为1.24％和3.05％；环境对结实率的影响显著，其方差占总表型方差的43.07％和52.99％。

The gene additive effects,dominant effects,sex-linkage effects and maternal effects of the five characters including the cocoon weight,cocoon shell weight, fibroin content and pupa weight were studied by the method of sex-linkage model in this paper.

采用性连锁模型，分析了全茧量、茧层量、丝素量、茧层率、蛹重5个性状的基因加性效应、基因显性效应、性连锁效应、母体效应以及各基因与环境互作效应的相互关系，丰富了性状间相互关系的信息。

The results showed that resistant gene Ht in F1 heterozygote was the most effective on controlling spots number and size; all monogene in heterozygote could produce spore by moisture culture and resistant gene Ht1 was the most effective; resistant gene Ht1 in medium level, Ht3 in high level, and Ht in low level of vertical resistance of heterozygote, were the most effective on controlling spots spread; while Ht2 in high level of vertical resistance of heterozygote was the most ineffective on controlling spots spread; and all resistant monogene in heterozygote showed superior to their parents on controlling incubation period and gene Ht was more significant than other genes.

结果表明，抗性单基因Ht处于F1代杂合状态时，控制病斑数和病斑面积的效应最强；单基因处于杂合状态时，湿培48h病斑全部能产生分生孢子，且处于同一水平抗性杂合状态时，Ht1控制产孢量的效应最强；Ht1处于中水平、Ht3处于高水平和Ht、处于低水平垂直抗性杂合状态下，控制病斑扩展效应最强；而Ht2处于高水平垂直抗性杂合状态下，控制病斑扩展效应最弱；抗性单基因处于杂合状态下，控制潜伏期多表现超亲现象，Ht控制病害潜伏期比其它单基因显著。

The effects of polygenes are mainly additive and signiricant interactions between the major gene and polygenes are detected.

微基因效应以加性为主，且主、微基因存在显著互作，但互作和微基因效应均远小于主基因效应。

The genetic analysis was carried out for 8 characters on 9 energy cane parents and their 20 combination crosses with the NCII mating design. The results showed that the inheritance of stalk biomass, brix weight, available stalk numbers and weight per stalk was subject to both additive gene effect and non-additive genes effect, but mainly controlled by non-additive genes. The inheritance of plant height, stalk diameter and brix was subject to both additive gene effect. The broad sense heritability (HB2) of stalk biomass and brix was over 50%, and those of brix weight were 33.7% at the seedling stage 54.4% at its ratooning stage, respectively , which means that the selection would be done better at the early stage in the sugarcane breeding program.

利用遗传交配设计对能源甘蔗9个亲本组配的20个组合、8个性状进行遗传分析，结果表明：地上部鲜重、锤重、丛有效茎数和丛重的遗传既受基因的加性效应也受基因的非加性效应所控制，但以非加性效应为主；株高、茎径和锤度的遗传主要是受基因的加性效应控制，地上部鲜重和锤度实生苗新植和宿根的H_B~2都在50％以上，而锤重的H_B~2分别为33.7％和54.4％，而且锤重和地上部鲜重母本gca方差都大于父本gca方差，说明能源甘蔗育种中母本选择的重要性。

与效应基因相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

additive effect：加性效应

然而,数量性状的数学模型(2.5)式在实际育种工作中仍是有欠缺的,这是由于基因实际上存在有三种不同的效应,即基因加性效应(additive effect)、等位基因间的显性效应(dominance effect)和非等位基因间的上位效应(epistatic effect).

additive effect：累加效应

定义 累加效应(additive effect) 等位基因无显隐性关系,所有的表型值是在隐性纯合体表型值的基础上每增加一个大写基因即增加一个常数值(效应值). 相关条目 生物学 遗传

effector cell：效应细胞

effector 效应子,效应物,效应器,效应基因 | effector cell 效应细胞 | effector function 效应子功能

epistasis：上位效应

上位效应(epistasis)则指一对基因可以掩盖另一对非等位基因的显性效应的现象,这是非等位基因之间的掩盖作用,也可以称为异位效应. 非等位基因之间的相互作用实质上是基因表达的顺式调控或反式调控的结果

founder effect：奠基者效应

奠基者效应(founder effect)是遗传漂变的一种形式,指由带有亲代群体中部分等位基因的少数个体重新建立新的群体,这个群体后来的数量虽然会增加,但因未与其他生物群体交配繁殖,彼此之间基因的差异性甚小.

genetic effect：基因效应

genetic disease 遗传性疾病 | genetic effect 基因效应 | genetic epidemiology 遗传列病学

extinguisher loci：消失基因座,绝灭基因座

extinguisher 消失基因,绝灭基因;灭火器 | extinguisher loci 消失基因座,绝灭基因座 | extra column effect 柱外效应

polygene：多基因

一般没有中间过渡类型;这种呈现不连续变异的性状叫做质量性状. 1.数量性状是多对微效基因或多基因(polygene)的联合效应造成的. 7.多基因与主效基因(major gene)一样,都在细胞核内的染色体上,并且具有分离、重组、连锁、等性质.

epistatic gene：上位基因

一对等位基因受到另一对等位基因的制约,并随着后者不同前者的表型有所差异,后者即为上位基因(epistatic gene). 这一现象称为上位效应(epistasis). 起遮盖作用的基因如果是显性基因,称为上位显性基因. 这种基因互作称为显性上位作用(dominant epistasis).

polygenes：多基因

(1) 数量性状受一系列微效基因(minor gene)或多基因(polygenes)的联合效应所支配,难以根据表型区分基因型,但仍符合基本的遗传规律. (6)多基因与主效基因(major gene)一样都处在细胞核的染色体上,并且具有分离、重组、连锁等性质.