力矩

Moments of force are small: Because the damper plate weight is light, the damper plate and the guide rail and the rubber packing friction drag is small, therefore causes the handwheel operation moment of force to be small

力矩小：由于闸板重量轻，闸板与导轨及橡胶密封条的摩擦阻力小，故使得手轮操作力矩小

We tested the knees at flexion angles of 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90with the following applied loads: 10 Nm varus moment, and 5 Nm external and internal rotational torques.21,22 To calculate the force applied in varus rotation testing, we took the desired moment (10 N.m) and divided this by the distance from the joint line to the point of force application in meters.

我们检测了施加力量10N.m的内翻运动和5N.m的外旋和内旋运动，各种运动的膝关节屈曲角度分别为0°、15°、30°、60°和90°。为了在内翻旋转试验时计算施加力，我们采用期望力矩(10M.m)，并将这种力矩分为从关节线到施加力点数米远的距离。

For the analysis of both static and dynamic characteristics, the additional moments, axial/radial coupled stiffness coefficients and the radial/radial coupled stiffness coefficients are taken into account Based on it, the influences of the bearing angle, the ratio of width to diameter, and the ration of magnetic polar angle on the static and dynamic characteristics conical magnetic bearing are analyzed, and the corresponding numerical results are presented.

在圆锥电磁轴承基础解的计算模型中，增加了轴承附加力矩、力矩刚度系数以及轴向/径向、径向/径向耦合刚度系数的计算。在此基础上，本文详细讨论了圆锥电磁轴承锥角、宽径比以及磁极角比对轴承静、动特性的影响，并给出了数值结果。

To the condition of deviation from side path when vehicles are turning and braking, according to the deviation distance, the control strategies and control algorithms of vehicle braking stability by two control methods, yaw moment and active steering, are determined. The fuzzy controller are designed whose outputs can be adjusted online according to the variation of slip rate and dynamic proportionality factor. The simulation results prove that the method of fuzzy control which is based on the yaw meoment and front wheel active steering can improve vehicle braking stability and ability of path tracking.

针对汽车在转弯制动时出现的侧向路径偏离状况，根据偏离量大小，利用横摆力矩和主动转向两种控制模式分别进行汽车制动稳定性控制，确立了两种控制模式下的控制策略和控制算法，设计了模糊控制器，根据轮胎最优滑移率变化状况，对模糊输出变量论域的大小按照动态比例系数进行实时在线调整，仿真实验验证了所提出的基于横摆力矩和前轮主动转向的模糊控制方法能提高汽车制动稳定性和路径跟踪能力。

Under constant current I0 A the spin torque will twist the entire wire along the AB axis up to a small angle θ0, until it is balanced by the elastic restoring torque τ e =κθ 0 , where κ is a Top View positive constant, at the two fixed points.

有恒定电流 I0 时，自旋力矩将导线以 AB 为轴扭转一小角θ0，直到被 A，B 点的弹性力矩τ e =κθ 0 抵消为止，其中κ是正常数。

Taking the moments of hip and knee joint as its controlled variables, the simulation of the motion equation shows that: After increasing the joint moment at the cushioning phase, the vertical velocity of the body center of mass distinctively speedup while horizontal velocity fall to some degree. Thus, the resultant velocity remains basically constant, but the result distance of long jump can be increased due to the enlargement of the angle of take-off.

以髋、膝关节肌力矩作为运动方程的控制变量，对其修改后的模拟结果表明：增大缓冲阶段的关节肌力矩后，人体重心的垂直速度得到明显提高，而水平速度则有所下降，在腾起合速度变化不大的情况下，由于腾起角的增大提高了跳远成绩。

We also observed and measured the distance and section of some muscles such as long muscle of neck、long muscle of head、sternocleidomastoid、trapezius、longissimus、inultifidus、splenius、semispinal muscle of head、semispinal muscle of neck、anterior scalene、middle scalene 、posterior scalene et al. We achieved the moment of force and downloaded the force in the model .We also added gravity of head.

通过横截面积肌力计算法，测量尸体颈椎周围的主要肌肉：胸锁乳突肌、斜方肌、头长肌、颈长肌、肩胛提肌、夹肌、前斜角肌、中斜角肌、后斜角肌、多裂肌等的横截面积及其与颈椎纵轴的中心距数值，求得力矩值，直接或根据力矩等价公式间接的将肌力值加载于模型体表各点。

In this system,self-aligning torque is calculated by computer and sent to microcomputer,direct current motor's output is controlled by microcomputer through PWM technology,and we simulate self-aligning torque.

该系统中上位机实时计算出汽车受到的回正力矩，通过串口发送至单片机，单片机通过PWM控制直流电机的输出力矩以达到模拟的目的。

Then, the friction torque to affect the ultra-low-speed tracking performance is analyzed, and a mathematical model of the servomotor with large friction torque is established.

对影响其超低速跟踪性能的摩擦力矩进行了分析，建立了大摩擦力矩条件下的中空马达数学模型。

The test results indicated that the precision of thetorque Sensor on the cool-starting resistance torque and starting rotate speed of the diesel engine can respectively reach 0.6 %and 0.5%, which completely satisfy the cool-starting requirements of the diesel engine at low temperature; the performance curvesof the cool-starting resistance torque for diesel engine on the condition of the different low temperature were accurately obtained,and the variation rules of the performance parameters about the starting rotate speed and the starting power for the diesel enginewere estimated, whichwas the academic basis on the optimalmatching of the cool-starting parts about the diesel engine, the elec-tromotor and storage battery and so on.

结果表明：转矩传感器用来测试低温起动阻力矩和转速的准确度分别达到0·6%、0·5%，满足柴油机低温起动系统测试指标的要求；准确地测得了在不同转速和不同温度下的阻力矩性能曲线，同时也能判断出柴油机的起动转速和起动功率等性能参数的变化趋势及规律，为柴油机、电动机和蓄电池等低温起动部件的优化匹配提供了理论依据。

We are interested in your suggestions about appointing us to be the single dealer.

对贵方建议由我方担任独家经销商一事，我们颇感兴趣。

Three types of empty-shell marriages have been identified. In a devitalized relationship husband and wife lack excitement or any real interest in their spouse or their marriage.

一种是死气沉沉的婚姻：在这种婚姻关系中夫妻俩对于配偶或婚姻缺乏激情，或者缺乏真正的兴趣。